Oil palm is one of the most rapidly expanding food and cash crops in many tropical regions with significant environmental implications, but also economic gains. Previous analyses have established that this expansion is associated with changing gender roles and time allocation for women. Time allocation is an important determinant of maternal and child nutrition as well as well-being. We use a rich farm household survey from a native oil palm production hotspot, Cameroon, to examine the associations between oil palm production and women's dietary diversity. Using different estimation and identification strategies with some sensitivity checks, we show that oil palm is associated with lower dietary diversity for women, measured as the minimum dietary diversity for women and the minimum adequacy diversity diet. We explore heterogeneity in the various food groups consumed by women and show that oil palm production is associated with lower consumption of mainly pulses, fruits and vegetables. These findings contrast with the literature that has established some positive dietary diversity implications of oil palm expansion in Southeast Asia. We carefully discuss these findings and argue that context matters and may explain these differences. Particularly, we show that oil palm production is negatively associated with farm production diversity in Cameroon. Notwithstanding, we also confirm previous findings that highlight that oil palm production is associated with higher income. These insights add to the debate on the implications of oil palm expansion in tropical environments. Moreover, they can guide policy in designing more tailored interventions that address nutrition issues and improve rural development.

中文翻译：

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背景很重要：喀麦隆热带森林的油棕生产和妇女的饮食多样性

油棕是许多热带地区发展最快的粮食和经济作物之一，不仅对环境产生重大影响，而且还带来经济收益。之前的分析表明，这种扩张与性别角色和女性时间分配的变化有关。时间分配是孕产妇和儿童营养以及福祉的重要决定因素。我们利用来自当地油棕生产热点喀麦隆的富裕农场家庭调查来研究油棕生产与女性饮食多样性之间的关联。使用不同的估计和识别策略以及一些敏感性检查，我们表明油棕与女性较低的饮食多样性相关，以女性最低饮食多样性和最低充足多样性饮食来衡量。我们探讨了女性消费的各种食物类别的异质性，结果表明油棕生产与主要豆类、水果和蔬菜的消费量减少有关。这些发现与文献形成鲜明对比，文献证实了东南亚油棕扩张对饮食多样性的一些积极影响。我们仔细讨论这些发现，并认为背景很重要，并且可以解释这些差异。特别是，我们发现油棕产量与喀麦隆的农业生产多样性呈负相关。尽管如此，我们也证实了之前的研究结果，强调油棕生产与更高的收入相关。这些见解加剧了关于热带环境中油棕扩张的影响的争论。而且，