Purpose of Review

Electrification is the second major shift in the type of drivetrain technology employed in cable yarding equipment, after the gradual transition from mechanical to hydraulic drives that began in the 1960 s. Electric slack pulling carriages are omnipresent today and more advanced electrified solutions are close to market entry. Few studies are available on the performance and efficiency of electric timber harvesting equipment, and none considers the technical aspects. The purpose of this review is to contribute to the accelerated adoption of such equipment by providing valuable insights and addressing technical and safety concerns, with a special focus on their efficiency and the challenges associated with their autonomy, durability, safety and environmental impact.

Recent Findings

Most electrified cable-logging concepts employ energy recovery. Recovering energy that is otherwise dissipated represents a fundamental improvement. Some slack pulling carriages rely solely on recharging during lateral yarding, such that their fuel-saving potential is highly dependent on the lateral yarding distance. The type of energy storage system employed largely depends on the energy need and weight constraints of the given application. High-power, durability and safety favor supercapacitors. Advanced battery systems, however, are employed increasingly in high power applications, such as logging equipment. This is due to added autonomy and competitive pricing compared with supercapacitors. The risk of electric shock is not a concern as long as the equipment is intact, and is generally negligible for carriages operating at 48 V.

Summary

In an attempt to boost productivity and reduce costs and emissions, a digital transformation and a transition to electrified equipment is ongoing. Forestry, and in particular cable yarding is no exception. The benefits of electric slack pulling carriages and tower yarders have already been confirmed in practice, and more electrified steep slope cable yarding equipment is close to market entry. All electrified equipment identified in this study is distributed by European manufacturers and in use in European forests. Very little information is available on electrified cable yarding solutions possibly developed outside Europe. If any such products exist, they have not yet reached the market or attracted the interest of the scientific community.

中文翻译：

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电缆堆场设备电气化的技术、安全和环境挑战

审查目的

继 20 世纪 60 年代开始从机械驱动逐渐过渡到液压驱动之后，电气化是电缆堆场设备所采用的传动系统技术类型的第二次重大转变。如今，电动松拉车无处不在，更先进的电气化解决方案即将进入市场。关于电动木材采伐设备的性能和效率的研究很少，也没有考虑技术方面的研究。本次审查的目的是通过提供有价值的见解并解决技术和安全问题，特别关注其效率以及与其自主性、耐用性、安全性和环境影响相关的挑战，从而促进此类设备的加速采用。

最近的发现

大多数电气化电缆测井概念都采用能量回收。回收原本消耗的能量代表着根本性的改进。一些松弛拉车在横向放码期间仅依靠充电，因此其节油潜力很大程度上取决于横向放码距离。所采用的能量存储系统的类型很大程度上取决于给定应用的能量需求和重量限制。高功率、耐用性和安全性有利于超级电容器。然而，先进的电池系统越来越多地用于高功率应用，例如测井设备。这是由于与超级电容器相比具有更多的自主权和有竞争力的价格。只要设备完好无损，触电风险就不是问题，对于 48 V 运行的车厢来说，触电风险通常可以忽略不计。

概括

为了提高生产力并降低成本和排放，数字化转型和向电气化设备的过渡正在进行中。林业，特别是电缆敷设也不例外。电动松弛拖车和塔式堆放机的优点已在实践中得到证实，更多的电气化陡坡电缆堆放设备即将进入市场。本研究中确定的所有电气化设备均由欧洲制造商分销并在欧洲森林中使用。关于可能在欧洲以外开发的电气电缆码放解决方案的信息非常少。如果存在任何此类产品，它们尚未进入市场或引起科学界的兴趣。