Journal of Neurovirology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-07-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01153-z Uma Maheswari Deshetty 1 , Sudipta Ray 1 , Seema Singh 1 , Shilpa Buch 1 , Palsamy Periyasamy 1
|
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and drug abuse are intertwined epidemics, leading to compromised adherence to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and exacerbation of NeuroHIV. As opioid abuse causes increased viral replication and load, leading to a further compromised immune system in people living with HIV (PLWH), it is paramount to address this comorbidity to reduce the NeuroHIV pathogenesis. Non-human primates are well-suited models to study mechanisms involved in HIV neuropathogenesis and provide a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the comorbidity of HIV and drug abuse, leading to the development of more effective treatments for PLWH. Additionally, using broader behavioral tests in these models can mimic mild NeuroHIV and aid in studying other neurocognitive diseases without encephalitis. The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)–infected rhesus macaque model is instrumental in studying the effects of opioid abuse on PLWH due to its similarity to HIV infection. The review highlights the importance of using non-human primate models to study the comorbidity of opioid abuse and HIV infection. It also emphasizes the need to consider modifiable risk factors such as gut homeostasis and pulmonary pathogenesis associated with SIV infection and opioid abuse in this model. Moreover, the review suggests that these non-human primate models can also be used in developing effective treatment strategies for NeuroHIV and opioid addiction. Therefore, non-human primate models can significantly contribute to understanding the complex interplay between HIV infection, opioid abuse, and associated comorbidities.
Graphical Abstract
中文翻译：
非人类灵长类动物中的阿片类药物滥用和 SIV 感染
人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 和药物滥用是相互交织的流行病，导致联合抗逆转录病毒治疗 (cART) 的依从性受到影响，并导致 NeuroHIV 恶化。由于阿片类药物滥用会导致病毒复制和载量增加，导致艾滋病毒感染者 (PLWH) 的免疫系统进一步受损，因此解决这种合并症以减少 NeuroHIV 发病机制至关重要。非人类灵长类动物是研究艾滋病毒神经发病机制的非常适合的模型，可以更好地理解艾滋病毒和药物滥用共病的潜在机制，从而开发出更有效的艾滋病毒感染者治疗方法。此外，在这些模型中使用更广泛的行为测试可以模拟轻度 NeuroHIV，并有助于研究其他没有脑炎的神经认知疾病。由于猿免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）感染的恒河猴模型与艾滋病毒感染相似，因此有助于研究阿片类药物滥用对艾滋病毒感染者的影响。该综述强调了使用非人类灵长类动物模型研究阿片类药物滥用和艾滋病毒感染共病的重要性。它还强调需要考虑可改变的危险因素，例如该模型中与 SIV 感染和阿片类药物滥用相关的肠道稳态和肺部发病机制。此外，该评论表明这些非人类灵长类动物模型也可用于开发神经艾滋病毒和阿片类药物成瘾的有效治疗策略。因此，非人类灵长类动物模型可以极大地有助于理解艾滋病毒感染、阿片类药物滥用和相关合并症之间复杂的相互作用。
京公网安备 11010802027423号