The manipulation of plated lithium morphology is the crucial for extending the cycle life of lithium metal batteries. Dendritic growth, a major concern, is influenced by the microenvironment of lithium plating, including the curvature of lithium-ion transfer path, as well as the inner space and surface chemistry of the separator and scaffold. In this study, we report a novel separator-interface-scaffold microenvironment for practical lithium metal batteries (LMBs), in which surface chemistry of scaffold and separator are tuned to create a transmission path with low curvature and induce spatially and epitaxial lithium plating. With such an elaborate design, the resulting LMB demonstrates exceptional stability, exhibiting dendrite-free cycling for 5542 h with a low voltage hysteresis of 13 mV at 5 mA cm⁻²/5 mAh cm⁻². It also demonstrates stable cycling for 500 h under ultrahigh currents of 50 mA cm⁻² and deep plating/stripping up to 20 mAh cm⁻². Notably, a remarkable cumulative plating capacity of 13,855 mAh cm⁻² is achieved. The full cells paired with commercial cathodes with high loading mass delivered remarkably improved rate and cycling stability performance. This study highlights the critical role of the plating microenvironment in enhancing LMBs for high-energy storage devices.

镀锂形态的调控对于延长锂金属电池的循环寿命至关重要。枝晶生长是一个主要问题，它受到锂电镀微环境的影响，包括锂离子传输路径的曲率，以及隔膜和支架的内部空间和表面化学。在这项研究中，我们报告了一种适用于实际锂金属电池（LMB）的新型隔膜-界面-支架微环境，其中支架和隔膜的表面化学经过调整，以创建低曲率的传输路径，并诱导空间和外延锂镀层。^{通过如此精心的设计，所得的 LMB 表现出卓越的稳定性，表现出 5542 小时的无枝晶循环，在 5 mA cm -2}下具有 13 mV 的低电压滞后/5mAh·cm ^-2。它还展示了在50 mA cm ^{-2的超高电流和高达20 mAh cm -2}的深度电镀/剥离下稳定循环500小时。值得注意的是，实现了13,855mAh cm ^{-2的显着累积电镀容量。}全电池与具有高负载质量的商用阴极配对，显着提高了倍率和循环稳定性能。这项研究强调了电镀微环境在增强高能量存储器件 LMB 方面的关键作用。