Protein phosphorylation modification is crucial for signaling transduction in plant development and environmental adaptation. By precisely phosphorylating crucial components in signaling cascades, plants can switch on and off the specific signaling pathways needed for growth or defense. Here, we have summarized recent findings of key phosphorylation events in typical hormone signaling and stress responses. More interestingly, distinct phosphorylation patterns on proteins result in diverse biological functions of these proteins. Thus, we have also highlighted latest findings that show how the different phosphosites of a protein, also named phosphocodes, determine the specificity of downstream signaling in both plant development and stress responses.

蛋白质磷酸化修饰对于植物发育和环境适应中的信号转导至关重要。通过精确磷酸化信号级联中的关键成分，植物可以打开和关闭生长或防御所需的特定信号通路。在这里，我们总结了典型激素信号传导和应激反应中关键磷酸化事件的最新发现。更有趣的是，蛋白质上不同的磷酸化模式导致这些蛋白质具有不同的生物学功能。因此，我们还重点介绍了最新的发现，这些发现表明蛋白质的不同磷酸位点（也称为磷酸代码）如何决定植物发育和胁迫反应中下游信号传导的特异性。