腺相关病毒血清型 2 (AAV2) 是一种病毒载体,可用于将治疗基因传递至视网膜病变细胞。改变 AAV2 载体的一种策略涉及磷酸化蛋白残基的突变,这些残基被认为在胞质溶胶中被磷酸化/泛素化,从而促进载体的降解和转导的抑制。因此,磷酸化蛋白残基的突变与靶细胞转导的增加相关,然而,目前的文献中缺乏对野生型和磷酸化蛋白突变体AAV2载体玻璃体内(IVT)递送至免疫活性动物后的免疫生物学的评估。在这项研究中,我们表明三重磷酸化蛋白突变体 AAV2 衣壳的 IVT 与较高水平的体液免疫激活相关。与野生型 AAV2 衣壳相比,CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞浸润视网膜、产生脾生发中心反应、激活常规树突细胞亚群以及视网膜神经胶质细胞增生。然而,我们没有检测到载体给药后视网膜电图的显着变化。我们还证明,三重 AAV2 突变衣壳不太容易被可溶性硫酸乙酰肝素和抗 AAV2 中和抗体中和,这凸显了该载体在规避预先存在的体液免疫方面的可能用途。总之,本研究强调了合理设计的载体免疫生物学的新颖方面,这可能与其在临床前和临床环境中的应用相关。与野生型 AAV2 衣壳相比,传统树突状细胞亚群的激活以及视网膜神经胶质细胞增生的增加。然而,我们没有检测到载体给药后视网膜电图的显着变化。我们还证明,三重 AAV2 突变衣壳不太容易被可溶性硫酸乙酰肝素和抗 AAV2 中和抗体中和,这凸显了该载体在规避预先存在的体液免疫方面的可能用途。总之,本研究强调了合理设计的载体免疫生物学的新颖方面,这可能与其在临床前和临床环境中的应用相关。与野生型 AAV2 衣壳相比,传统树突状细胞亚群的激活以及视网膜神经胶质细胞增生的增加。然而,我们没有检测到载体给药后视网膜电图的显着变化。我们还证明,三重 AAV2 突变衣壳不太容易被可溶性硫酸乙酰肝素和抗 AAV2 中和抗体中和,这凸显了该载体在规避预先存在的体液免疫方面的可能用途。总之,本研究强调了合理设计的载体免疫生物学的新颖方面,这可能与其在临床前和临床环境中的应用相关。我们还证明,三重 AAV2 突变衣壳不太容易被可溶性硫酸乙酰肝素和抗 AAV2 中和抗体中和,这凸显了该载体在规避预先存在的体液免疫方面的可能用途。总之,本研究强调了合理设计的载体免疫生物学的新颖方面,这可能与其在临床前和临床环境中的应用相关。我们还证明,三重 AAV2 突变衣壳不太容易被可溶性硫酸乙酰肝素和抗 AAV2 中和抗体中和,这凸显了该载体在规避预先存在的体液免疫方面的可能用途。总之,本研究强调了合理设计的载体免疫生物学的新颖方面,这可能与其在临床前和临床环境中的应用相关。
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Immunobiology of a rationally-designed AAV2 capsid following intravitreal delivery in mice
Adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) is a viral vector that can be used to deliver therapeutic genes to diseased cells in the retina. One strategy for altering AAV2 vectors involves the mutation of phosphodegron residues, which are thought to be phosphorylated/ubiquitinated in the cytosol, facilitating degradation of the vector and the inhibition of transduction. As such, mutation of phosphodegron residues have been correlated with increased transduction of target cells, however, an assessment of the immunobiology of wild-type and phosphodegron mutant AAV2 vectors following intravitreal (IVT) delivery to immunocompetent animals is lacking in the current literature. In this study, we show that IVT of a triple phosphodegron mutant AAV2 capsid is associated with higher levels of humoral immune activation, infiltration of CD4 and CD8 T-cells into the retina, generation of splenic germinal centre reactions, activation of conventional dendritic cell subsets, and elevated retinal gliosis compared to wild-type AAV2 capsids. However, we did not detect significant changes in electroretinography arising after vector administration. We also demonstrate that the triple AAV2 mutant capsid is less susceptible to neutralisation by soluble heparan sulphate and anti-AAV2 neutralising antibodies, highlighting a possible utility for the vector in terms of circumventing pre-existing humoral immunity. In summary, the present study highlights novel aspects of rationally-designed vector immunobiology, which may be relevant to their application in preclinical and clinical settings.