Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and hydrogel electrolytes were developed as electrolytes for zinc ion batteries (ZIBs). Hydrogels can retain water molecules and provide high ionic conductivities; however, they contain many free water molecules, inevitably causing side reactions on the zinc anode. SPEs can enhance the stability of anodes, but they typically possess low ionic conductivities and result in high impedance. Here, we develop a lean water hydrogel electrolyte, aiming to balance ion transfer, anode stability, electrochemical stability window and resistance. This hydrogel is equipped with a molecular lubrication mechanism to ensure fast ion transportation. Additionally, this design leads to a widened electrochemical stability window and highly reversible zinc plating/ stripping. The full cell shows excellent cycling stability and capacity retentions at high and low current rates, respectively. Moreover, superior adhesion ability can be achieved, meeting the needs of flexible devices.

固体聚合物电解质（SPE）和水凝胶电解质被开发为锌离子电池（ZIB）的电解质。水凝胶可以保留水分子并提供高离子电导率；然而，它们含有许多游离水分子，不可避免地会在锌阳极上引起副反应。SPE 可以增强阳极的稳定性，但它们通常具有低离子电导率并导致高阻抗。在这里，我们开发了一种贫水水凝胶电解质，旨在平衡离子转移、阳极稳定性、电化学稳定性窗口和电阻。这种水凝胶配备了分子润滑机制，以确保快速离子传输。此外，这种设计还可以扩大电化学稳定性窗口和高度可逆的镀锌/剥离。全电池分别在高电流和低电流倍率下表现出优异的循环稳定性和容量保持能力。此外，还可以实现优异的粘附能力，满足柔性器件的需求。