Understanding the potential effect of environmental regulation on employment is of broad interest to key stakeholders. Concerns encompass both short- and longer-term effects on workers within the regulated sector, affected communities that already suffer from a lack of employment opportunities, and net employment in the overall economy. We begin our review by presenting a neoclassical microeconomic framework demonstrating how environmental regulations might affect labor demand. We then summarize the main empirical findings from the literature, including sector-specific partial equilibrium estimates and general equilibrium approaches to identifying the employment impacts of regulations. We also briefly describe the literature on how environmental regulations affect labor supply. Finally, we discuss remaining research gaps.

中文翻译：

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环境法规和劳动力需求：证据告诉我们什么？


了解环境监管对就业的潜在影响对主要利益相关者具有广泛的兴趣。担忧包括对受监管部门内工人的短期和长期影响、已经缺乏就业机会的受影响社区以及整体经济中的净就业。我们首先提出了一个新古典微观经济学框架，展示了环境法规如何影响劳动力需求。然后，我们总结了文献中的主要实证发现，包括特定行业的部分均衡估计和一般均衡方法，以确定法规对就业的影响。我们还简要描述了有关环境法规如何影响劳动力供应的文献。最后，我们讨论了仍然存在的研究差距。