Outside the pattern: Evolution of the genital asymmetry in Saicinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae),Journal of Morphology

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Outside the pattern: Evolution of the genital asymmetry in Saicinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae)
Journal of Morphology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2023-07-02 , DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21610
Valentina Castro-Huertas _{1,

2} , María Cecilia Melo _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Despite genital structures in insects being consistently important as systematic and taxonomy evidence, within assassin bugs (Heteroptera, Reduviidae) at least, the male and female genitalic structures of several subfamilies are poorly or totally unknown. The genital structure is mostly symmetric within Saicinae genera, but male genital asymmetry has been recorded in Gallobelgicus, Polytoxus, and recently Pseudosaica. The subfamily has been considered as closely related to Emesinae and Visayanocorinae but this hypothesis has never been tested using a comprehensive taxa sampling, being a constraint to test morphological traits changes or exploring characters' evolution hypotheses. Here, we compiled a morphological data set of 170 characters that includes external morphological characters and genitalia of both sexes of Saicinae which was analyzed cladistically including 55 terminals, comprising 16 genera (64% of the generic diversity), 43 species of Saicinae and 12 outgroups. Saicinae was recovered as polyphyletic, Saicireta correntina is recovered as sister-species of Empicoris armatus + Collartida (Emesinae), Oncerotrachelus, Carayonia (Visayanocorinae), and the Clade Saicinae sensu stricto. Carayonia orientalis is recovered as sister-species of Saicinae sensu stricto. Ancestral state reconstruction of symmetry of the male genitalia shows an ancestor with symmetric male genitalia, two independent emergences of asymmetrical male genitalia within Saicinae sensu stricto, and the asymmetrical endosomal sclerites appearing before the other asymmetric traits.

中文翻译：

模式之外：Saicinae生殖器不对称的进化（半翅目：异翅目：Reduviidae）

尽管昆虫的生殖器结构作为系统和分类学证据一直很重要，但至少在刺蝽（异翅目、雷杜维科）中，几个亚科的雄性和雌性生殖器结构知之甚少或完全未知。Saicinae 属的生殖器结构大多是对称的，但在Gallobelgicus、Polytoxus和最近的Pseudosaica中已记录到雄性生殖器不对称。该亚科被认为与 Emesinae 和 Visayanocorinae 密切相关，但这一假设从未使用综合类群抽样进行过测试，成为测试形态特征变化或探索性状进化假设的限制。在这里，我们编制了一个包含 170 个特征的形态学数据集，其中包括 Saicinae 的外部形态特征和两性生殖器，并对其进行了支系分析，包括 55 个末端，包括 16 个属（占属多样性的 64%）、43 个 Saicinae 种和 12 个外类群。Saicinae 被恢复为多系，Saicireta correntina被恢复为Empicoris armatus + Collartida (Emesinae)、Oncerotrachelus、Carayonia (Visayanocorinae) 和 Saicinae sensu stricto的姐妹种。Carayonia orientalis是作为 Saicinae sensu stricto的姐妹种而被发现的。男性生殖器对称性的祖先状态重建显示出具有对称男性生殖器的祖先，在严格意义上的Saicinae内两次独立出现不对称男性生殖器，以及在其他不对称性状之前出现的不对称内体骨片。

更新日期：2023-07-03

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