ABSTRACT

Self-confidence refers to the belief that one is capable of performing the actions necessary to overcome difficult situations and succeed in sports. Previous meta-analyses suggest that high self-confidence has a positive effect on sports performance. The main purpose of the present article was to provide an overview of studies assessing this relationship and relevant moderators. A systematic search of five relevant databases was conducted to find studies that measured pre-competition confidence and determined correlations with subsequent performance. Thirty-one studies with 52 samples published between 2002 and 2021 were found. The results suggest that there is a significant linear relationship between self-confidence and performance, with an overall r = 0.30 (95% CI [0.21; 0.37]). There was considerable heterogeneity in the results (Q = 239.1; df = 51; p < 0.01; I² = 86.5%), with only the performance measure having a significant effect on the effects among the moderators examined. Although hardly any study examined the linearity of the relationship, the large heterogeneity suggests that the relationship is probably at least partially nonlinear. There was some evidence for mechanisms, such as moderating the effects of pressure on performance, influencing other participants in the competition, increased use of coping strategies, and physiological mechanisms.

摘要

自信是指相信一个人有能力采取必要的行动来克服困难并在体育运动中取得成功。之前的荟萃分析表明，高度自信对运动表现有积极影响。本文的主要目的是概述评估这种关系和相关调节因素的研究。对五个相关数据库进行了系统搜索，以找到衡量赛前信心并确定与后续表现相关性的研究。2002 年至 2021 年间发表的 31 项研究涉及 52 个样本。结果表明，自信心与绩效之间存在显着的线性关系，总体r = 0.30（95% CI [0.21；0.37]）。结果存在相当大的异质性（Q  = 239.1；df  = 51；p  < 0.01；I ²  = 86.5%），只有绩效指标对所检查的调节者的效果有显着影响。尽管几乎没有任何研究检验这种关系的线性性，但巨大的异质性表明这种关系可能至少部分是非线性的。有一些机制的证据，例如减轻压力对表现的影响、影响比赛中的其他参与者、增加应对策略的使用和生理机制。