Abstract

Creatine is a popular ergogenic sport supplement used to improve exercise performance and muscle growth in athletes. Further, studies suggest protective effects of creatine in neurodegenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, aging and fatty liver disease in humans. Similarly, the versatility of creatine, as a supplement or feed additive, has been evaluated in different animal production systems, including terrestrial livestock, poultry and aquaculture fish species. Some of the observed effects are increased antioxidant activity and flesh quality, improved lipid homeostasis as well as enhanced overall productive performance. Despite creatine being synthesized endogenously, this capacity might be insufficient to adequately cover the creatine needs in fish fed diets formulated with ingredients devoid of this nutrient, notably plant protein feedstuffs. As aquaculture industry moves toward sustainability, removal of creatine-rich dietary ingredients, such as fishmeal, in aquafeeds will likely further increase in coming decades. Thus, under this scenario it might be necessary for dietary supplementation of creatine to support optimal fish productive performance and product quality. This review describes the current knowledge of creatine physiology and metabolism in fish, and highlights possible parallels with metabolism in livestock species, mammalian models and human as well as the benefits obtained from creatine supplementation.

摘要

肌酸是一种流行的强效运动补充剂，用于提高运动员的运动表现和肌肉生长。此外，研究表明肌酸对人类神经退行性疾病、2 型糖尿病、骨关节炎、纤维肌痛、衰老和脂肪肝疾病具有保护作用。同样，肌酸作为补充剂或饲料添加剂的多功能性已在不同的动物生产系统中进行了评估，包括陆生牲畜、家禽和水产养殖鱼类。观察到的一些效果是增加抗氧化活性和肉质，改善脂质稳态以及提高整体生产性能。尽管肌酸是内源合成的，但这种能力可能不足以充分满足用不含这种营养素的成分配制的鱼饲饲料中的肌酸需求，尤其是植物蛋白饲料。随着水产养殖业走向可持续发展，未来几十年，水产饲料中富含肌酸的膳食成分（例如鱼粉）的去除量可能会进一步增加。因此，在这种情况下，可能有必要在膳食中补充肌酸，以支持最佳的鱼类生产性能和产品质量。这篇综述描述了鱼类肌酸生理学和代谢的最新知识，并强调了与牲畜物种、哺乳动物模型和人类代谢可能的相似之处，以及补充肌酸所带来的益处。在这种情况下，可能有必要在膳食中补充肌酸，以支持最佳的鱼类生产性能和产品质量。这篇综述描述了鱼类肌酸生理学和代谢的最新知识，并强调了与牲畜物种、哺乳动物模型和人类代谢可能的相似之处，以及补充肌酸所带来的好处。在这种情况下，可能有必要在膳食中补充肌酸，以支持最佳的鱼类生产性能和产品质量。这篇综述描述了鱼类肌酸生理学和代谢的最新知识，并强调了与牲畜物种、哺乳动物模型和人类代谢可能的相似之处，以及补充肌酸所带来的益处。