Abstract

Routinely, fish encounter stressors and conditions that require the use of anaerobic exercise, including escaping predators, capturing prey, and interacting with fisheries. Although anaerobic metabolism rapidly yields energy to support locomotion, it also accelerates the depletion of energy stores, and accumulates potentially damaging metabolites, relative to aerobic metabolism. During recovery from intense exercise, animals are vulnerable and may forgo opportunities (e.g., foraging, mating). Recovery is thus likely under strong selection pressure. Despite the fact that recovery is essential for life, relatively little attention has been given to its importance for fitness and survival. Here, the ecology and physiology of recovery following intense exercise are reviewed using Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) as a model, though findings are relevant to a wide range of species given that the need for recovery is ubiquitous. Specifically, when and why salmon use anaerobic exercise across their lifecycle, the physiological consequences of this extreme exercise, and the recovery process are considered. The importance of considering recovery for effective management and conservation of Pacific salmon species is discussed, and examples to highlight meaningful ways in which knowledge of recovery can be applied to problems facing fish are provided, with implications widely applicable to all fishes. Given current and projected climate scenarios, understanding the role of temperature in recovery will become progressively more important, and should be an explicit consideration when assessing vulnerability.

摘要

通常，鱼类会遇到需要进行无氧运动的压力源和条件，包括逃避捕食者、捕获猎物以及与渔业互动。尽管无氧代谢快速产生能量来支持运动，但与有氧代谢相比，它也会加速能量储存的消耗，并积累潜在的破坏性代谢物。在从剧烈运动中恢复期间，动物很脆弱并且可能会放弃机会（例如觅食、交配）。因此，在强大的选择压力下，复苏可能会发生。尽管恢复对于生命至关重要，但人们相对较少关注其对于健康和生存的重要性。在这里，使用太平洋鲑鱼（ Oncorhynchus）回顾了剧烈运动后恢复的生态学和生理学spp.）作为模型，尽管考虑到恢复的需要无处不在，研究结果与广泛的物种相关。具体来说，鲑鱼在其生命周期中何时以及为何进行无氧运动，这种极端运动的生理后果以及恢复过程都需要考虑。讨论了考虑恢复对太平洋鲑鱼物种的有效管理和保护的重要性，并提供了一些例子来强调将恢复知识应用于鱼类面临的问题的有意义的方式，其影响广泛适用于所有鱼类。考虑到当前和预测的气候情景，了解温度在恢复中的作用将变得越来越重要，并且在评估脆弱性时应该明确考虑。