Abstract

Blue foods are highly diverse and are supported by a wide range of ecosystems, production practices, and markets. This diversity influences resiliency of aquatic food systems, their capacity to contribute to global food security, and the spread of knowledge and adoption of innovations. Here, trends in diversity and determinants of diversity in capture fisheries and aquaculture production were examined at the global and country level. Results show that fisheries production is more diverse than aquaculture production, and that social and economic factors appear to be as important for species diversity as biophysical factors. The diversity of fisheries is diminished when governance is weak, and this poses challenges for managing fisheries for nutrition-sensitive food production. It also illustrates the greater potential of aquaculture to address challenges related to access given that less diversity in aquaculture is created by economies of scale making food more accessible among lower income groups.

摘要

蓝色食品高度多样化，并得到广泛的生态系统、生产实践和市场的支持。这种多样性影响着水生粮食系统的弹性、其对全球粮食安全做出贡献的能力以及知识的传播和创新的采用。在此，在全球和国家层面审查了捕捞渔业和水产养殖生产的多样性趋势和多样性决定因素。结果表明，渔业生产比水产养殖生产更加多样化，社会和经济因素对于物种多样性似乎与生物物理因素同样重要。当治理薄弱时，渔业的多样性就会减少，这对营养敏感型粮食生产的渔业管理提出了挑战。