With the lunar base, crewed Mars exploration and other future exploration plans proposed, the thermal control system of spacecraft will face challenges such as significantly higher thermal load and more complex and variable thermal environment. Traditional radiant heat sinks can hardly cope with the more demanding heat rejection requirements brought by these challenges, and more efficient, reliable and robust heat sinks are urgently needed to ensure the smooth running of future exploration programs. The sublimation or evaporation cooling technology has great potential to respond to these potential thermal control challenges. They utilize the latent heat of phase change from sublimation or evaporation of the consumable working medium into the space environment to reject the waste heat generated by the crew or equipment inside the spacecraft. This paper presents a review of the research progress in recent decades around two typical consumable heat sinks, the water sublimator and the water membrane evaporator. It mainly covers the basic issues and recent advances in component configuration, analytical and computational methods, experimental research methods, and system application architecture. The remaining problems and potential solutions in the development of water sublimator and water membrane evaporator as well as the direction of future development are summarized and pointed out.

随着月球基地、载人火星探测等未来探测计划的提出，航天器热控系统将面临热负荷显着升高、热环境更加复杂多变等挑战。传统的辐射散热器难以应对这些挑战带来的更苛刻的排热要求，迫切需要更高效、可靠和坚固的散热器来确保未来勘探项目的顺利运行。升华或蒸发冷却技术具有应对这些潜在热控制挑战的巨大潜力。它们利用消耗性工作介质升华或蒸发到太空环境中的相变潜热来排出航天器内的机组人员或设备产生的废热。本文围绕水升华器和水膜蒸发器这两种典型的自耗散热器，综述了近几十年来的研究进展。主要涵盖构件配置、分析与计算方法、实验研究方法、系统应用架构等方面的基本问题和最新进展。总结并指出了水升华器和水膜蒸发器发展中尚存的问题和潜在的解决方案以及未来的发展方向。实验研究方法、系统应用架构。总结并指出了水升华器和水膜蒸发器发展中尚存的问题和潜在的解决方案以及未来的发展方向。实验研究方法、系统应用架构。总结并指出了水升华器和水膜蒸发器发展中尚存的问题和潜在的解决方案以及未来的发展方向。