荧光有机纳米材料的亮度,Chemical Society Reviews

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荧光有机纳米材料的亮度
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2023-06-20 , DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00464j
Anila Hoskere Ashoka ₁ , Ilya O Aparin ₁ , Andreas Reisch ₁ , Andrey S Klymchenko ₁

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亮度是荧光纳米材料的基本属性，反映其吸收和发光的能力。在传感材料中，亮度对于高灵敏度（生物）分子检测至关重要，而在光学生物成像中，亮度可确保高空间和时间分辨率。荧光有机纳米粒子（NP）因其比有机染料更优异的亮度而特别有吸引力。随着有机纳米材料的多样性不断增加，建立测量和估计其亮度的通用原则非常重要。本教程回顾提供了亮度的定义，并描述了基于系综和单粒子技术的主要分析方法。我们提出了当前对抗荧光团聚集引起的猝灭（ACQ）的化学方法，这是明亮有机纳米材料设计中的一个主要挑战。描述了荧光有机纳米粒子的主要类别，包括共轭聚合物纳米粒子、聚集诱导发射纳米粒子以及基于中性和离子染料的纳米粒子。对它们的亮度和其他特性进行了系统比较。还提到了块状固态发射有机材料的一些最明亮的例子。最后，我们分析了亮度和其他粒子特性在生物应用（例如生物成像和生物传感）中的重要性。本教程将为化学家提供性能改进的荧光有机纳米粒子的设计指南，并帮助他们估计新型纳米材料的亮度并将其与文献报告进行比较。此外，它将帮助生物学家选择适合传感和成像应用的材料。

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Brightness of fluorescent organic nanomaterials

Brightness is a fundamental property of fluorescent nanomaterials reflecting their capacity to absorb and emit light. In sensing materials, brightness is crucial for high-sensitivity (bio)molecular detection, while in optical bioimaging it ensures high spatial and temporal resolution. Fluorescent organic nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly attractive because of their superior brightness compared to organic dyes. With the ever-growing diversity of organic nanomaterials, it is important to establish universal principles for measuring and estimating their brightness. This tutorial review provides definitions of brightness and describes the major approaches to its analysis based on ensemble and single-particle techniques. We present the current chemical approaches to fight Aggregation-Caused Quenching (ACQ) of fluorophores, which is a major challenge in the design of bright organic nanomaterials. The main classes of fluorescent organic NPs are described, including conjugated polymer NPs, aggregation-induced emission NPs, and NPs based on neutral and ionic dyes. Their brightness and other properties are systematically compared. Some brightest examples of bulk solid-state emissive organic materials are also mentioned. Finally, we analyse the importance of brightness and other particle properties in biological applications, such as bioimaging and biosensing. This tutorial will provide guidelines for chemists on the design of fluorescent organic NPs with improved performance and help them to estimate and compare the brightness of new nanomaterials with literature reports. Moreover, it will help biologists to select appropriate materials for sensing and imaging applications.

更新日期：2023-06-22

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