This investigation elucidated stabilization of high internal phase Pickering emulsion gels (HIPPEGs) on the basis of oil-water interfacial adsorption properties of particles. The particles were prepared by whey protein isolate (WPI) and two structurally different sterols, including ergosterol (ES) and γ-oryzanol (γS). Initially, oil-water interfacial adsorption properties were improved in the presence of sterol. And WPI-γS exhibited higher contact angle and lower dynamic interfacial tension than WPI-ES. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring measurement further proved that adsorption mass and viscoelasticity of WPI-γS was higher than those of WPI-ES. Furthermore, WPI-sterol HIPPEGs showed lower average particle size and moisture content, higher absolute value of ζ-potential than WPI-stabilized HIPPEGs. Apparent viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus of WPI were improved after the addition of sterol. Moreover, WPI-γS HIPPEGs exhibited higher stabilities and viscoelasticity than WPI-ES HIPPEGs. Additionally, compared with WPI-stabilized HIPPEGs, WPI-γS-loaded HIPPEGs showed shorter relaxation time and more uniform color distribution, indicating that droplet flow was restricted and more uniform, followed by WPI-ES-loaded HIPPEGs. Finally, super-resolution microscope results exhibited that sterol inhibited emulsion droplets aggregation due to steric hindrance. HIPPEGs stabilized by WPI-γS showed more homogeneous and smaller droplets than WPI-ES-loaded HIPPEGs. This work provided a theoretical support for stable HIPPEGs formed with protein-sterol particles, which would be applied to replace trans fats and cholesterol in various food products.

这项研究阐明了基于颗粒油水界面吸附特性的高内相皮克林乳液凝胶（HIPPEG）的稳定性。该颗粒由乳清分离蛋白（WPI）和两种结构不同的甾醇（包括麦角甾醇（ES）和γ-谷维素（γS））制备。最初，油水界面吸附性能在甾醇存在下得到改善。并且WPI-γS比WPI-ES表现出更高的接触角和更低的动态界面张力。石英晶体微天平结合耗散监测测量进一步证明WPI-γS的吸附质量和粘弹性均高于WPI-ES。此外，WPI-甾醇 HIPPEG 比 WPI 稳定的 HIPPEG 表现出更低的平均粒径和水分含量，以及更高的 z 电位绝对值。表观粘度，添加甾醇后WPI的储能模量和损耗模量得到改善。此外，WPI-γS HIPPEGs 比 WPI-ES HIPPEGs 表现出更高的稳定性和粘弹性。此外，与WPI稳定的HIPPEG相比，负载WPI-γS的HIPPEG表现出更短的弛豫时间和更均匀的颜色分布，表明液滴流动受到限制且更均匀，其次是负载WPI-ES的HIPPEG。最后，超分辨率显微镜结果表明，甾醇由于空间位阻而抑制乳液液滴聚集。与负载 WPI-ES 的 HIPPEG 相比，WPI-γS 稳定的 HIPPEG 显示出更均匀且更小的液滴。这项工作为由蛋白质甾醇颗粒形成的稳定的HIPEG提供了理论支持，其可用于替代各种食品中的反式脂肪和胆固醇。