The 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) includes complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) as a separate diagnostic entity alongside posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). ICD-11 CPTSD is defined by six sets of symptoms, three that are shared with PTSD (reexperiencing in the here and now, avoidance, and sense of current threat) and three (affective dysregulation, negative self-concept, and disturbances in relationships) representing pervasive "disturbances in self-organization" (DSO). There is considerable evidence supporting the construct validity of ICD-11 CPTSD, but no theoretical account of its development has thus far been presented. A theory is needed to explain several phenomena that are especially relevant to ICD-11 CPTSD such as the role played by prolonged and repeated trauma exposure, the functional independence between PTSD and DSO symptoms, and diagnostic heterogeneity following trauma exposure. The memory and identity theory of ICD-11 CPTSD states that single and multiple trauma exposure occur in a context of individual vulnerability which interact to give rise to intrusive, sensation-based traumatic memories and negative identities which, together, produce the PTSD and DSO symptoms that define ICD-11 CPTSD. The model emphasizes that the two major and related causal processes of intrusive memories and negative identities exist on a continuum from prereflective experience to full self-awareness. Theoretically derived implications for the assessment and treatment of ICD-11 CPTSD are discussed, as well as areas for future research and model testing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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ICD-11复杂创伤后应激障碍的记忆和认同理论。

第 11 版国际疾病分类 (ICD-11) 将复杂创伤后应激障碍 (CPTSD) 与创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 一起作为一个单独的诊断实体。ICD-11 CPTSD 由六组症状定义，其中三组与 PTSD 共有（此时此刻的重新体验、回避和当前威胁感），另外三组（情感失调、消极自我概念和人际关系障碍）代表普遍存在的“自组织干扰”（DSO）。有大量证据支持 ICD-11 CPTSD 的结构有效性，但迄今为止尚未提出其发展的理论说明。需要一种理论来解释与 ICD-11 CPTSD 特别相关的几种现象，例如长期和反复的创伤暴露所发挥的作用，PTSD 和 DSO 症状之间的功能独立性，以及创伤暴露后的诊断异质性。ICD-11 CPTSD 的记忆和身份理论指出，单一和多重创伤暴露发生在个体脆弱的背景下，这些创伤相互作用产生侵入性的、基于感觉的创伤记忆和消极身份，共同产生 PTSD 和 DSO 症状定义 ICD-11 CPTSD。该模型强调侵入性记忆和消极身份这两个主要且相关的因果过程存在于从前反思体验到完全自我意识的连续体中。讨论了 ICD-11 CPTSD 评估和治疗的理论推导意义，以及未来研究和模型测试的领域。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。