Anions serve as an essential component of electrolytes, whose effects have long been ignored. However, since the 2010s, we have seen a considerable increase of anion chemistry research in a range of energy storage devices, and it is now understood that anions can be well tuned to effectively improve the electrochemical performance of such devices in many aspects. In this Review, we discuss the roles of anion chemistry across various energy storage devices and clarify the correlations between anion properties and their performance indexes. We highlight the effects of anions on surface and interface chemistry, mass transfer kinetics and solvation sheath structure. Finally, we conclude with a perspective on the challenges and opportunities of anion chemistry for enhancing specific capacity, output voltage, cycling stability and anti-self-discharge ability of energy storage devices.

阴离子是电解质的重要组成部分，其作用长期以来一直被忽视。然而，自2010年代以来，我们看到一系列储能器件中阴离子化学研究的显着增加，现在我们了解到阴离子可以通过良好的调节来有效地提高此类器件在许多方面的电化学性能。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了阴离子化学在各种储能设备中的作用，并阐明了阴离子特性与其性能指标之间的相关性。我们强调阴离子对表面和界面化学、传质动力学和溶剂化鞘结构的影响。最后，我们总结了阴离子化学在提高储能装置的比容量、输出电压、循环稳定性和抗自放电能力方面的挑战和机遇。