Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are gaining attention from researchers as the demand for an energy storage device that addresses the drawbacks of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors is increasing. Silicon (Si) is a desirable anode material for LICs due to its high theoretical capacity and low working potential. However, Si experiences extreme volume changes of up to 300%, which cause a poor cycle life. To mitigate mechanical stress in Si anodes, we fabricated a three-dimensional structured Si electrode using a pore-forming agent and evaluated its physical-electrochemical properties. The pore network of the structured Si electrode effectively buffered the volume change, alleviating crack formation in the electrode and resulting in improved cycle stability. The LIC full cell using the structured Si had a high energy density of 191.4 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 723.7 W kg⁻¹. Our approach is compatible with conventional electrode fabrication systems and provides a cost-effective and practical method for pure Si anodes suitable for use in LICs through a simple pore-structuring process.

随着对解决锂离子电池和超级电容器缺点的储能设备的需求不断增加，锂离子电容器（LIC）越来越受到研究人员的关注。硅（Si）由于其高理论容量和低工作电位而成为LICs的理想负极材料。然而，Si 会经历高达 300% 的极端体积变化，从而导致循环寿命较差。为了减轻硅阳极的机械应力，我们使用成孔剂制造了三维结构的硅电极，并评估了其物理电化学性能。结构化硅电极的孔隙网络有效缓冲了体积变化，减轻了电极中裂纹的形成，从而提高了循环稳定性。使用结构化硅的LIC全电池具有191.4 Wh kg的高能量密度^-1功率密度为 723.7 W kg ^-1。我们的方法与传统的电极制造系统兼容，并通过简单的孔隙结构工艺为适用于 LIC 的纯硅阳极提供了一种经济有效且实用的方法。