Adverse childhood experiences research has shown that supportive and secure attachment experiences can buffer against stress exposure during periods of high brain development and promote new patterns of tolerance to stress. This article draws on attachment theory to critically examine the importance of positive relationships for youth who have experienced trauma in promoting the development of neural pathways associated with social and emotional well-being, self-regulation, and stress tolerance. Grounded in a neurobiological understanding of disrupted attachments in the wake of trauma, this article examines the role of sport as a form of tolerable stress. In the presence of supportive relationships (coaches, mentors, peers), sport is uniquely suited to introduce stress in manageable doses and promote body awareness, regulation, and cognitive capacities to offset the long-term negative impacts of toxic stress on developing youth.

不良童年经历研究表明，支持性和安全的依恋经历可以缓冲大脑高度发育期间的压力暴露，并促进新的压力耐受模式。本文利用依恋理论，批判性地探讨了对于经历过创伤的青少年来说，积极的关系对于促进与社会和情感健康、自我调节和压力承受能力相关的神经通路的发展的重要性。本文基于对创伤后依恋破坏的神经生物学理解，探讨了运动作为一种可承受压力的形式的作用。在有支持性关系（教练、导师、同伴）的情况下，体育运动特别适合以可控剂量引入压力，并提高身体意识、调节和认知能力，以抵消有毒压力对青少年成长的长期负面影响。