Targeted transparency has become an essential tool for regulation. Through information disclosure, regulatory agencies try to get regulated companies to improve their practices and comply with regulations. In the past, regulation was associated with distrust in regulated sectors. Recent research suggests that regulation, especially targeted transparency, may also increase citizen trust in regulated sectors. However, empirical evidence on whether transparency as a regulatory tool undermines or decreases trust in a sector is lacking. We contribute to this debate by investigating the effect of targeted transparency on citizen trust through a large-scale representative survey experiment (n = 5303). We used 12 transparency frames in three regulated domains in the Netherlands (consumer rights, healthcare safety, and nuclear plant safety). Our findings suggest that, in general, targeted transparency does not undermine trust, but has a positive effect on trust in regulated sectors. However, this effect is small and contextual, depending on the regulatory domain and type of transparency frame.

中文翻译：

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监管者作为信任的守护者？有针对性的透明度对受监管部门的公民信任的偶然和适度的积极影响

有针对性的透明度已成为监管的重要工具。通过信息披露，监管机构试图让受监管的公司改进他们的做法并遵守法规。过去，监管与对受监管部门的不信任有关。最近的研究表明，监管，尤其是有针对性的透明度，也可能会增加公民对受监管部门的信任。然而，缺乏关于透明度作为监管工具是否会破坏或降低对一个部门的信任的实证证据。我们通过大规模代表性调查实验 (n = 5303) 调查有针对性的透明度对公民信任的影响，从而为这场辩论做出贡献。我们在荷兰的三个受监管领域（消费者权益、医疗保健安全和核电站安全）使用了 12 个透明度框架。我们的研究结果表明，一般而言，有针对性的透明度不会破坏信任，但会对受监管部门的信任产生积极影响。然而，这种影响很小且与上下文相关，具体取决于监管领域和透明度框架的类型。