In this Article, we attempt to formulate a new theoretical framework for the analysis of male rape, a phenomenon that has been neglected by legal and jurisprudential scholarship for a long time. We dispute common perceptions of male rape, most notably the centrality of consent in rape discourse, and show how male and female rape myths, while distinct, are upheld by similar paradigms of gender. Although it focuses on male rape, the Article proposes a broad theory of rape and gender. The Article offers a comparative review of the scholarship on male rape in two settings: the community and prison. It collates the various studies on male rape in these settings, classifies the main elements of male rape, and points to the interrelations between the various scholarly works. Based on the comparison, the Article develops a sixfold framework containing three recurring and three missing themes. The recurring themes are otherness—the construction of male rape as something that occurs to others, at the margins of society; masculinity—pivotal for the understanding of male rape; and the embeddedness of male rape in social power relations. The three missing themes are consent—possibly the most discussed aspect in current theories of female rape but hardly elaborated with respect to male victims; racial aspects of male rape in the community; and female perpetrators of male rape. The burgeoning literature on male rape dwells mostly on the first three themes. The Article argues that a meaningful theory of male rape requires further study of the missing themes. The sixfold analytical framework suggested in this Article can assist in identifying blind spots in the academic discourse, accurately conceptualizing this phenomenon, and offering a better general understanding of it. It is also a first step toward the creation of a more inclusive and general theory of rape that accounts for sexual abuse of all victims, regardless of gender, race, sexual orientation, or other social traits.

在本文中，我们试图为分析男性强奸这一长期被法律和法学学术所忽视的现象制定一个新的理论框架。我们质疑对男性强奸的普遍看法，尤其是同意在强奸话语中的中心地位，并展示男性和女性的强奸神话虽然截然不同，但却受到相似的性别范式的支持。虽然它侧重于男性强奸，但该文章提出了关于强奸和性别的广泛理论。这篇文章对两种环境下男性强奸的学术研究进行了比较回顾：社区和监狱。它整理了关于这些环境中男性强奸的各种研究，对男性强奸的主要因素进行了分类，并指出了各种学术著作之间的相互关系。基于比较，该文章开发了一个六重框架，其中包含三个反复出现的主题和三个缺失的主题。反复出现的主题是他者性——将男性强奸视为发生在社会边缘的其他人身上的事情；男子气概——理解男性强奸的关键；以及男性强奸在社会权力关系中的嵌入性。三个缺失的主题是同意——这可能是当前女性强奸理论中讨论最多的方面，但对于男性受害者几乎没有详细阐述；社区男性强奸的种族方面；和男性强奸的女性肇事者。关于男性强奸的新兴文献主要集中在前三个主题上。文章认为，有意义的男性强奸理论需要进一步研究缺失的主题。本文提出的六重分析框架有助于识别学术话语中的盲点，准确地概念化这一现象，并提供更好的总体理解。这也是朝着创建更具包容性和普遍性的强奸理论迈出的第一步，该理论解释了对所有受害者的性虐待，无论其性别、种族、性取向或其他社会特征如何。