电化学硝酸盐还原：氨合成及其他,Advanced Materials

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电化学硝酸盐还原：氨合成及其他
Advanced Materials ( IF 27.4 ) Pub Date : 2023-06-09 , DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304021
Yuecheng Xiong _{1,

2} , Yunhao Wang ₁ , Jingwen Zhou _{1,

2} , Fu Liu ₁ , Fengkun Hao ₁ , Zhanxi Fan _{1,

2,

3}

Affiliation

自然氮循环已受到人类活动的严重破坏。含氮肥料的过量使用导致地表水和地下水硝酸盐含量升高，氮氧化物大量排放，造成空气严重污染。氮气作为空气的主要成分，一个多世纪以来一直被用于大规模生产氨，为农业提供足够的营养以支持世界人口的增长。在过去的十年中，研究人员付出了巨大的努力来开发常温条件下的氨工艺，以应对与哈伯-博世工艺相关的密集能源消耗和高碳排放。在不同的技术中，电化学硝酸盐还原反应（NO ₃ RR）可以利用可再生电力作为动力同时实现硝酸盐去除和氨生成，并且该研究方向的研究呈指数级增长。本文对电化学NO ₃ RR的重要进展进行了及时、全面的回顾，涵盖电催化剂的合理设计、新兴的CN偶联反应以及先进的能量转换和存储系统。此外，未来的前景是加速NH _{3 的}工业化生产和化学品的绿色合成，通过繁荣的氮基电化学实现可持续的氮循环。

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Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction: Ammonia Synthesis and the Beyond

Natural nitrogen cycle has been severely disrupted by anthropogenic activities. The overuse of N-containing fertilizers induces the increase of nitrate level in surface and ground waters, and substantial emission of nitrogen oxides causes heavy air pollution. Nitrogen gas, as the main component of air, has been used for mass ammonia production for over a century, providing enough nutrition for agriculture to support world population increase. In the last decade, researchers have made great efforts to develop ammonia processes under ambient conditions to combat the intensive energy consumption and high carbon emission associated with the Haber–Bosch process. Among different techniques, electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO₃RR) can achieve nitrate removal and ammonia generation simultaneously using renewable electricity as the power, and there is an exponential growth of studies in this research direction. Here, a timely and comprehensive review on the important progresses of electrochemical NO₃RR, covering the rational design of electrocatalysts, emerging CN coupling reactions, and advanced energy conversion and storage systems is provided. Moreover, future perspectives are proposed to accelerate the industrialized NH₃ production and green synthesis of chemicals, leading to a sustainable nitrogen cycle via prosperous N-based electrochemistry.

更新日期：2023-06-09

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