Bioactive components and molecular mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis,Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Bioactive components and molecular mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis
Journal of Ethnopharmacology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-06-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116697
Baoyu Wei ₁ , Chengtao Sun ₁ , Haitong Wan ₁ , Qiyang Shou ₁ , Bing Han ₁ , Miaomiao Sheng ₁ , Liqing Li ₂ , Guoyin Kai ₁

Affiliation

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) is an outstanding herbal medicine with various traditional effects, especially promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis. It has been widely used for centuries to treat blood stasis syndrome (BSS)-related diseases. BSS is one of the basic pathological syndromes of diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in traditional East Asian medicine, which is characterized by disturbance of blood circulation. However, the bioactive components and mechanisms of SM in the treatment of BSS have not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, this article outlines the anti-BSS effects of bioactive components of SM, concentrating on the molecular mechanisms.

Aim of the review

To summarize the bioactive components of SM against BSS and highlight its potential targets and signaling pathways, hoping to provide a modern biomedical perspective to understand the efficacy of SM on enhancing blood circulation to remove blood stasis.

Materials and methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed to retrieve articles published in the last two decades on bioactive components of SM used for BSS treatment from the online electronic medical literature database (PubMed).

Results

Phenolic acids and tanshinones in SM are the main bioactive components in the treatment of BSS, including but not limited to salvianolic acid B, tanshinone IIA, salvianolic acid A, cryptotanshinone, Danshensu, dihydrotanshinone, rosmarinic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, and caffeic acid. They protect vascular endothelial cells by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory damage and regulating of NO/ET-1 levels. They also enhance anticoagulant and fibrinolytic capacity, inhibit platelet activation and aggregation, and dilate blood vessels. Moreover, lowering blood lipids and improving blood rheological properties may be the underlying mechanisms of their anti-BSS. More notably, these compounds play an anti-BSS role by mediating multiple signaling pathways such as Nrf2/HO-1, TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/eNOS, MAPKs (p38, ERK, and JNK), and Ca²⁺/K⁺ channels.

Conclusions

Both phenolic acids and tanshinones in SM may act synergistically to target different signaling pathways to achieve the effect of promoting blood circulation.

中文翻译：

丹参活血化瘀的活性成分及分子机制

民族药理学相关性

丹参（SM）是一种优秀的草药，具有多种传统功效，尤其是活血化瘀。几个世纪以来，它已被广泛用于治疗血瘀综合征（BSS）相关疾病。BSS是东亚传统医学中心脑血管疾病等疾病的基本病理证候之一，以血液循环障碍为特征。然而，SM治疗BSS的生物活性成分和机制尚未得到系统评价。因此，本文概述了 SM 生物活性成分的抗 BSS 作用，重点介绍其分子机制。

审查目的

总结SM抗BSS的生物活性成分，并重点探讨其潜在作用靶点和信号通路，希望为理解SM活血化瘀功效提供现代生物医学视角。

材料和方法

我们进行了全面的文献检索，从在线电子医学文献数据库（PubMed）中检索了过去二十年发表的有关用于 BSS 治疗的 SM 生物活性成分的文章。

结果

SM中的酚酸类和丹参酮类是治疗BSS的主要生物活性成分，包括但不限于丹酚酸B、丹参酮IIA 、丹酚酸A、隐丹参酮、丹参素、二氢丹参酮、迷迭香酸、原儿茶醛、咖啡酸等。它们通过减轻氧化应激和炎症损伤以及调节 NO/ET-1 水平来保护血管内皮细胞。它们还增强抗凝和纤溶能力，抑制血小板活化和聚集，并扩张血管。此外，降低血脂和改善血液流变学特性可能是其抗BSS的潜在机制。更值得注意的是，这些化合物通过介导多种信号通路发挥抗 BSS 作用，例如 Nrf2/HO-1、TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB、PI3K/Akt/eNOS、MAPK（p38、ERK 和 JNK）和Ca²⁺/K⁺频道。