We compare European and North American radicalization trajectories that led to involvement in terrorist violence (n = 103) with those for which this outcome did not occur (n = 103). Regression analyses illustrate how involvement in terrorist violence is determined not only by the presence of risk, but also the absence of protective factors. Bivariate analyses highlight the importance of considering the temporality of these factors; i.e., whether they are present before or after radicalization onset. The most salient risk factors identified were alignment with a group or movement with an exclusively violent strategic logic, and access to weapons. In terms of protective factors, parenting children during radicalization, self-control, and participation in extremist groups with a strategic logic that was not exclusively focused on violent means were all associated with noninvolvement in terrorist violence.

中文翻译：

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了解（不）参与恐怖暴力：使用恐怖暴力的极端分子与不使用恐怖暴力的极端分子有何不同？

我们将欧洲和北美导致参与恐怖暴力的激进化轨迹 ( n  = 103) 与未发生这种结果的激进化轨迹 ( n  = 103) 进行比较。回归分析表明，参与恐怖暴力不仅取决于风险的存在，还取决于保护因素的缺乏。双变量分析强调了考虑这些因素的暂时性的重要性；即，它们是否存在于激进化开始之前或之后。确定的最显着的风险因素是与具有完全暴力战略逻辑的团体或运动结盟以及获得武器。从保护因素来看，在激进化过程中养育孩子、自我控制、以不专门针对暴力手段的战略逻辑参与极端组织等都与不参与恐怖暴力有关。