定型少突胶质细胞前体细胞，少突胶质细胞谱系中新定义的中间祖细胞类型,Glia

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定型少突胶质细胞前体细胞，少突胶质细胞谱系中新定义的中间祖细胞类型
Glia ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 , DOI: 10.1002/glia.24426
Minxi Fang _{1,

2} , Lixia Chen ₁ , Tao Tang ₃ , Mengsheng Qiu _{1,

2,

4} , Xiaofeng Xu ₁

Affiliation

在中枢神经系统中，少突胶质细胞 (OL) 产生髓鞘，为神经元轴突提供营养支持并提高动作电位的传播速度。OL 在整个生命周期中不断由 OL 前体细胞 (OPC) 产生。髓鞘化 OL 的产生由三个典型阶段组成：OPC、新形成的 OL (NFO) 和成熟髓鞘化 OL。最近，单细胞 RNA 转录组分析发现了一个新的少突胶质细胞群，即分化定向 OPC (COP)。G 蛋白偶联受体 17 (GPR17) 的特异性表达表明，COP 代表 OPC 和 NFO 之间的关键中间群体。COP 的失调会导致脱髓鞘疾病中的髓鞘再生失败，并损害因衰老而丢失的髓鞘的更新。因此，了解 COP 的发展及其潜在的调控网络将有助于制定促进脱髓鞘疾病中髓鞘修复的新策略。本综述总结了目前关于生理和病理条件下 COP 的发育和功能的知识。总体而言，COP 充当“检查点”，通过表达不同的调节因子来防止不适当的性早熟 OL 分化和髓鞘形成。加深我们对 COP 的理解不仅可以增进我们对 OL 谱系在发育过程中如何进展的了解，而且还可以为脱髓鞘疾病的新治疗方法打开大门。

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The committed oligodendrocyte precursor cell, a newly-defined intermediate progenitor cell type in oligodendroglial lineage

In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes (OLs) produce myelin sheaths that provide trophic support to neuronal axons and increase the propagation speed of action potential. OLs are constantly generated from OL precursor cells (OPCs) throughout life span. The production of myelinating OLs consists of three canonical stages: OPCs, newly-formed OLs (NFOs), and mature myelinating OLs. Recently, single-cell RNA transcriptomic analyses identified a new population of oligodendroglial cells, namely differentiation committed OPCs (COPs). COPs represent a critical intermediate population between OPCs and NFOs, as revealed by specific expression of G-protein coupled receptor 17 (GPR17). The dysregulation of COPs leads to the remyelination failure in demyelinating diseases and impairs the replacement of lost myelin sheaths due to aging. Hence, understanding the development of COPs and their underlying regulatory network will be helpful in establishing new strategies for promoting myelin repair in demyelinating diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the development and functions of COPs under both physiological and pathological conditions. Overall, COPs function as “checkpoints” to prevent inappropriate precocious OL differentiation and myelination through expressing distinct regulatory factors. Deepening our understanding of COPs may not only advance our knowledge of how OL lineage progresses during development, but also open the door to new treatments for demyelinating diseases.

更新日期：2023-06-06

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