The congruency effect—that is, faster and more accurate processing of congruent multiword units, has been demonstrated in multiple studies. It is still unclear, however, what its underlying mechanism is, and how congruency may interact with other factors. Using an acceptability judgement task, this study examined the congruency effect in immersive (Experiment 1) and nonimmersive (Experiment 2) L2 learners’ collocational processing while taking into account L2 collocation frequency, immersive learners’ L2 use, their length and starting age of immersion, nonimmersive learners’ length of instruction, and their L2 proficiency. The study also tested whether L1 counterparts of words in L2 collocations were activated. Nonmmersive learners showed a congruency effect in both processing speed and accuracy. In contrast, immersive learners were affected by congruency only in processing accuracy. Higher L2 collocation frequency, greater length of instruction, and higher L2 proficiency did not reduce the congruency effect, whereas longer duration of immersion improved the processing of incongruent items. An effect of L1 lexical frequency was found, an indication of L1 activation. Results were discussed in light of how L2 proficiency and experiences changed the amount of L1 influence in L2 collocational processing.

多项研究已经证明了一致性效应，即更快、更准确地处理一致的多词单元。然而，目前尚不清楚其根本机制是什么，以及一致性如何与其他因素相互作用。本研究使用可接受性判断任务，考察了沉浸式（实验 1）和非沉浸式（实验 2）二语学习者搭配处理的一致性效果，同时考虑了二语搭配频率、沉浸式学习者的二语使用、沉浸时长和沉浸起始年龄、非沉浸式学习者的教学时长及其 L2 熟练程度。该研究还测试了 L2 搭配中单词的 L1 对应项是否被激活。非沉浸式学习者在处理速度和准确性方面表现出一致性效果。相比之下，沉浸式学习者仅在处理准确性方面受到一致性的影响。较高的二语搭配频率、较长的教学长度和较高的二语熟练程度并没有降低一致性效应，而较长的沉浸持续时间则改善了不一致项目的处理。发现了 L1 词汇频率的影响，这表明 L1 激活。根据 L2 熟练程度和经验如何改变 L1 在 L2 搭配加工中的影响程度来讨论结果。