Because of its high capacity, availability, and environmental friendliness, copper oxide (CuO) is a desirable anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, due to low intrinsic electrical conductivity and enormous volume expansion during cycling, the capacity utilization and cycle stability of the CuO anode remain insufficient for battery applications. In this study, we design and fabricate a three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon@CuO composite (C@CuO) by in situ synthesis of CuO nanosheets directly on the internal and external walls of chitin-derived carbon microspheres. Benefiting from the hierarchical conductive framework of the carbon microspheres and a rational distribution of CuO nanosheets, the capacity utilization and structural stability of the CuO nanosheets are substantially improved during the charge/discharge process. Thus, the C@CuO microspheres as the anode material for LIBs demonstrate a high reversible capacity of 626 mA h g⁻¹ at 100 mA g⁻¹ with a capacity retention of ∼93% over 200 cycles, a stable specific capacity of 553 mA h g⁻¹ after 600 cycles even at a high current density of 1000 mA g⁻¹, and superior rate capability with a high discharge capacity of 262 mA hg⁻¹ at 5000 mA g⁻¹. Therefore, this study innovatively constructs carbon microspheres with a hierarchical structure accompanied by self-growing CuO nanosheets as the anode material for LIBs, which may provide a new idea for the rational design of 3D carbon/metal oxide hybrids.

由于其高容量、可用性和环境友好性，氧化铜 (CuO) 是锂离子电池 (LIB) 的理想负极材料。然而，由于低本征电导率和循环过程中巨大的体积膨胀，CuO负极的容量利用率和循环稳定性仍然不足以满足电池应用。在这项研究中，我们通过原位设计和制造三维（3D）多孔碳@CuO复合材料（C@CuO）直接在几丁质衍生的碳微球的内外壁上合成 CuO 纳米片。得益于碳微球的分级导电框架和CuO纳米片的合理分布，CuO纳米片在充放电过程中的容量利用率和结构稳定性得到了显着提高。因此，作为锂离子电池负极材料的 C@CuO 微球在 100 mA g ^{-1时表现出 626 mA hg -1}的高可逆容量，在 200 次循环后容量保持率约为 93%，稳定的比容量为 553 mA hg即使在 1000 mA g ^-1的高电流密度下，600 次循环后仍为^-1，以及具有 262 mA hg 高放电容量的卓越倍率性能^-1在 5000 mA g ^-1。因此，本研究创新性地构建了具有层次结构的碳微球和自生长的CuO纳米片作为锂离子电池的负极材料，这可能为3D碳/金属氧化物杂化物的合理设计提供新思路。