Pseudorabies virus (PRV) mainly causes pseudorabies (PR) or Aujeszky's disease in pigs and can infect humans, raising public health concerns about zoonotic and interspecies transmission of PR. With the emergence of PRV variants in 2011, the classic attenuated PRV vaccine strains have failed to protect many swine herds against PR. Herein, we developed a self-assembled nanoparticle vaccine that induces potent protective immunity against PRV infection. PRV glycoprotein D (gD) was expressed using the baculovirus expression system and further presented on the lumazine synthase (LS) 60-meric protein scaffolds via the SpyTag003/SpyCatcher003 covalent coupling system. In mouse and piglet models, LSgD nanoparticles emulsified with the ISA 201VG adjuvant elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses. Furthermore, LSgD nanoparticles provided effective protection against PRV infection and eliminated pathological symptoms in the brain and lungs. Collectively, the gD-based nanoparticle vaccine design appears to be a promising candidate for potent protection against PRV infection.

伪狂犬病病毒 (PRV) 主要引起猪的伪狂犬病 (PR) 或奥耶斯基氏病，并且可以感染人类，引起公众对 PR 的人畜共患病和种间传播的担忧。随着 2011 年 PRV 变种的出现，经典的 PRV 减毒疫苗株未能保护许多猪群免受 PRV 感染。在此，我们开发了一种自组装纳米颗粒疫苗，可诱导针对 PRV 感染的有效保护性免疫力。 PRV 糖蛋白 D (gD) 使用杆状病毒表达系统进行表达，并通过 SpyTag003/SpyCatcher003 共价偶联系统进一步呈现在 2,4-二氧四氢蝶啶合酶 (LS) 60 聚蛋白支架上。在小鼠和仔猪模型中，LSgD 纳米颗粒与 ISA 201VG 佐剂乳化可引发强烈的体液和细胞免疫反应。此外，LSgD 纳米颗粒提供了针对 PRV 感染的有效保护，并消除了大脑和肺部的病理症状。总的来说，基于 gD 的纳米颗粒疫苗设计似乎是有效预防 PRV 感染的有希望的候选者。