The nature of energy dissipation in 2D superconductors under perpendicular magnetic field at small current excitations has been extensively studied over the past two decades. However, dissipation mechanisms at high current drives remain largely unexplored. Here we report on the distinct behavior of energy dissipation in the AlO_x/KTaO₃ (111) system hosting 2D superconductivity in the intermediate disorder regime. The results show that below the Berezinskii Kosterlitz Thouless (BKT) phase transition temperature (T_BKT), hot-spots and Larkin Ovchinnikov type flux-flow instability (FFI) are the major channels of dissipation, leading to pronounced voltage instability at large currents. Furthermore, such FFI leads to a rare observation of clockwise hysteresis in current-voltage characteristics within the temperature range T_BKT < T < T_C (T_C is superconducting transition temperature). These findings deepen our understanding of how a BKT system ultimately transforms to a normal state under increasing current.

在过去的二十年中，人们对小电流激发下垂直磁场下二维超导体的能量耗散性质进行了广泛研究。然而，大电流驱动下的耗散机制在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在这里，我们报告了在中间无序状态下具有二维超导性的AlO _x /KTaO _{3 (111) 系统中能量耗散的独特行为。}结果表明，低于 Berezinskii Kosterlitz Thouless (BKT) 相变温度 ( T _BKT)、热点和 Larkin Ovchinnikov 型通量流动不稳定性 (FFI) 是耗散的主要通道，导致大电流时明显的电压不稳定性。此外，这种 FFI 导致在T _BKT  <  T  <  T _C（T _C是超导转变温度）温度范围内电流-电压特性中很少观察到顺时针滞后现象。这些发现加深了我们对 BKT 系统如何在不断增加的电流下最终转变为正常状态的理解。