Oral administration is a widespread and convenient drug delivery approach. However, oral delivery can be affected by the complex digestive tract environment, including irregular tissue morphology, the presence of digestive enzymes, mucus and mucosal barriers, and spatiotemporal variance in physiological parameters. These obstacles can prevent the oral delivery of many therapeutics. To overcome these challenges, oral delivery devices can be designed with bioinspired compositions, structures or functions to make more drugs available for oral administration. Various bioinspired oral delivery devices have been developed by harnessing biological materials and living microorganisms, or by imitating biological structures and functions. In this Review, we discuss the design and modification of bioinspired oral delivery devices, examining engineering strategies to target specific tissues and applications. We highlight how key bottlenecks in oral delivery can be addressed through bioinspired designs, concluding with an outlook on the remaining challenges towards the clinical translation of bioinspired oral delivery devices.

口服给药是一种广泛且方便的给药方式。然而，口服递送会受到复杂消化道环境的影响，包括不规则的组织形态、消化酶、粘液和粘膜屏障的存在以及生理参数的时空变化。这些障碍会阻碍许多疗法的口服给药。为了克服这些挑战，可以设计具有仿生成分、结构或功能的口服给药装置，以使更多药物可用于口服给药。通过利用生物材料和活微生物，或通过模仿生物结构和功能，开发了各种仿生口服给药装置。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了仿生口服给药装置的设计和修改，检查针对特定组织和应用的工程策略。我们强调了如何通过仿生设计解决口服给药的关键瓶颈，最后展望了仿生口服给药装置临床转化的剩余挑战。