旱地青贮玉米/苜蓿间作系统的种间竞争和生产力,Food and Energy Security

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旱地青贮玉米/苜蓿间作系统的种间竞争和生产力
Food and Energy Security ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 , DOI: 10.1002/fes3.474
Yuhuan Wu _{1,

2} , Qianhu Ma _{1,

2} , Longshuai Ma _{1,

2} , Zikui Wang _{1,

2}

Affiliation

谷类-豆类间作具有减少氮肥使用量、提高牧草产量和品质的潜力，但一年生和多年生作物间作如何优化系统设计，充分实现种间互补，提高作物产量尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估青贮玉米 ( Zea mays L.) 和苜蓿 ( Medicago sativa)的种间相互作用和产量表现L.) 黄土高原雨养条件下间作对氮素管理和行排列的响应。对五种种植安排进行了比较，即单一玉米、单一苜蓿以及按 1:2 (I12)、2:2 (I22) 和 2:4 (I24) 行的玉米和苜蓿间作，在 4 年期间（2018-2021 年）进行了比较。两个氮水平（150 和 90 kg N ha ⁻¹）应用于每种种植安排中的玉米。我们的结果显示，2018年玉米是优势物种。在接下来的3年（2019-2021）中，在第一和第二次苜蓿收割期间，玉米在竞争中被苜蓿击败，而在第三次收割时，玉米完全恢复生长。I24 的种间竞争较轻，产量高于 I12 和 I22。施氮量的减少虽然降低了生物量和粗蛋白（CP）产量，但削弱了种间竞争并大幅提高了土地当量比（LER）。低氮条件下 I24 的产量高于单作，基于生物量和 CP 产量的 LER 分别为 1.01-1.12 和 1.08-1.18。此外，I24 的净收入最高，为 24,251 ¥ ha ⁻¹一般。因此，较高苜蓿比例和宽条带排列（I24）的玉米/苜蓿间作与低氮施用相结合可以减轻种间竞争并提高饲料产量，这对我们的研究地区和世界各地类似的旱地农业地区是有建议的。玉米/苜蓿间作为粮食和牲畜混耕提供了基础，有助于改善粮食供应和农业系统的恢复力。

"点击查看英文标题和摘要"

Interspecific competition and productivity in a dryland silage maize/alfalfa intercropping system

Cereal–legume intercropping has the potential to reduce the use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and increase forage yield and quality, however, how to optimize system design to fully realize interspecific complementary and enhance crop production in an annual and perennial crops intercropping was not well understood. This study was conducted to evaluate the interspecific interaction and yield performance of silage maize (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropping in response to N management and row arrangement under the rain-fed conditions on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Five planting arrangements, namely, sole maize, sole alfalfa, and maize and alfalfa intercropping in rows of 1:2 (I12), 2:2 (I22), and 2:4 (I24), were compared over a period of 4 years (2018–2021). Two N-levels (150 and 90 kg N ha⁻¹) were applied to maize in each planting arrangement. Our results show that maize was the dominant species in 2018. In the next 3 years (2019–2021), maize was outcompeted by alfalfa during the first and second cuts of alfalfa, and complete recovery growth of maize was recorded at the third cut. The interspecific competition of I24 was less severe, resulting in a higher yield than I12 and I22. Although the reduction of N application reduced the biomass and crude protein (CP) yield, it weakened the interspecific competition and substantially increased the land equivalent ratio (LER). I24 under low N yielded more than sole cropping, with the LER based on biomass and CP yield of 1.01–1.12 and 1.08–1.18, respectively. In addition, I24 had the highest net revenue of 24,251 ¥ ha⁻¹ on average. Therefore, maize/alfalfa intercrop with a higher alfalfa proportion and a wide strip arrangement (I24) in combination with low N application could alleviate interspecific competition and improve forage production, which is suggested for our study region and similar dryland farming areas worldwide. Maize/alfalfa intercropping provides a basis for grain and livestock mixed farming and helps to improve food supply and resilience of the farming system.

更新日期：2023-06-01

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