Here is described the first synthesis of 5-hydrazino-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (HNT), as a free base, from 5-bromo-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (BNT) in three steps. HNT was found to represent a valuable platform towards powerful and thermally stable energetic compounds. Its specific amphoteric properties were demonstrated through the synthesis of both cationic and anionic salts. Densities and enthalpies of formation of compounds 3-4, 6–8 and 12–15 were measured and the respective P_CJ and D_CJ were calculated using these experimental data. Among the compounds derived from HNT, perchlorate 7 exhibits remarkable properties, with a high density of 1.95 g cm⁻³ and an outstanding detonation velocity (9505 m s⁻¹) and pressure (419 GPa), thus surpassing RDX in performance. The fused triazolo[4,3-b]triazole 4 also shows possibilities as a new potential heat-resistant explosive, due to its low sensitivity, high thermal stability (T_dec 313 °C) and overall performance data exceeding those of HNS. All compounds were fully characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR (¹⁵N NMR for compounds 3, 4 and 16) spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, MS, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction for compound 6.

中文翻译：

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5-hydrazino-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (HNT) 的合成与反应性：一种两性能量平台

这里描述了 5-hydrazino-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole ( HNT ) 的首次合成，作为游离碱，来自 5-bromo-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole ( BNT )分三步。发现HNT代表了一个有价值的平台，用于开发功能强大且热稳定的高能​​化合物。通过阳离子和阴离子盐的合成证明了其特定的两性特性。测量了化合物3-4、6-8和12-15的密度和生成焓，并使用这些实验数据计算了各自的P _CJ和D _{CJ 。}在源自HNT的化合物中，高氯酸盐7表现出卓越的性能，具有1.95 g cm ^-3的高密度和出色的爆速（9505 ms ^-1）和压力（419 GPa），从而在性能上超过了RDX 。稠合三唑并[4,3- b ]三唑4由于其低灵敏度、高热稳定性（ T _dec 313 °C）和超过HNS的综合性能数据，也显示出作为新型潜在耐热炸药的可能性。所有化合物均通过¹ H 和¹³ C NMR (化合物3 , 4和16的¹⁵ N NMR) 化合物6的光谱、红外光谱、质谱、元素分析和单晶 X 射线衍射。