The Leadership Quarterly ( IF 9.1 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-29 , DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101703 Jost Sieweke , Denefa Bostandzic , Svenja-Marie Smolinski
Does a greater representation of women in top management teams (TMTs) contribute to higher firm performance? Although several studies have investigated this question, they have failed to sufficiently account for endogeneity. We address the endogeneity problem by using an instrumental variable (IV) design to estimate the causal effect of women’s representation in TMTs on firm performance. We use a shift-share or Bartik-type instrument, which is well-established in economics but has received little attention in management and leadership research. We analyze the effect of TMT gender diversity on four types of firm performance: profitability, market-based performance, liquidity, and growth. Our sample is based on firms in the S&P 1,500, which we observe over 24 years (1997–2020). Our findings indicate that TMT gender diversity positively affects the profitability, liquidity, and growth of firms but does not impact market-based performance. We also analyze whether the effect of TMT gender diversity was stronger during two economic crises, namely the 2008/2009 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, but our instrumental variable analysis provides no evidence for such an interaction effect. Our results are robust to multiple alternative specifications. This study contributes to research on strategic leadership, specifically regarding the effect of women leaders, as well as the crisis leadership literature.
中文翻译:
高层管理团队性别多样性对稳定期和经济危机期间企业绩效的影响:工具变量分析
高层管理团队 (TMT) 中女性比例的增加是否有助于提高公司绩效?尽管有几项研究调查了这个问题,但它们未能充分解释内生性。我们通过使用工具变量(IV)设计来估计女性在 TMT 中的代表性对公司绩效的因果影响来解决内生性问题。我们使用轮班共享或巴蒂克型工具,这种工具在经济学中已经很成熟,但在管理和领导力研究中却很少受到关注。我们分析了 TMT 性别多样性对四种公司绩效的影响:盈利能力、基于市场的绩效、流动性和增长。我们的样本基于标准普尔 1,500 指数中的公司,我们对这些公司进行了 24 年(1997 年至 2020 年)的观察。我们的研究结果表明,TMT 性别多样性对公司的盈利能力、流动性和增长产生积极影响,但不会影响基于市场的绩效。我们还分析了 TMT 性别多样性的影响在两次经济危机(即 2008/2009 年金融危机和 COVID-19 大流行)期间是否更强,但我们的工具变量分析没有提供这种相互作用效应的证据。我们的结果对于多种替代规范都是稳健的。这项研究有助于战略领导力的研究,特别是关于女性领导者的影响以及危机领导力文献。即 2008/2009 年金融危机和 COVID-19 大流行,但我们的工具变量分析没有提供这种相互作用效应的证据。我们的结果对于多种替代规范都是稳健的。这项研究有助于战略领导力的研究,特别是关于女性领导者的影响以及危机领导力文献。即 2008/2009 年金融危机和 COVID-19 大流行,但我们的工具变量分析没有提供这种相互作用效应的证据。我们的结果对于多种替代规范都是稳健的。这项研究有助于战略领导力的研究,特别是关于女性领导者的影响以及危机领导力文献。