In order to solve the problem of poor interfacial bonding between the smooth and inert basalt fibers (BFs) and the polyamide 6 (PA6) matrix, carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were modified onto the surface of BFs using a simple, environmentally friendly, continuously processable, and non-damaging fiber skeleton sizing method via water-soluble polyurethane dispersion. It was found that the highly chemically active carboxylated CNTs were uniformly dispersed on the surface of BFs with adjustable surface roughness and wettability. With enhanced interfacial bonding effect between the BFs and PA6 matrix by surface sizing of 1.5 g/L CNTs, the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the BF-reinforced composites were improved by about 17.5% and 32.6%, and the flexural strength and flexural modulus increased by about 36.0% and 62.5%, with a higher storage modulus and lower loss factor. With the sizing modification of CNTs, the friction and wear reduction properties of the BF-reinforced PA6 composites were also enhanced, and the wear resistance improvement was up to 40.5%. The introduction of CNTs could make a tight bond between the BFs and PA6 matrix to bear frictional shear damage and produce small size abrasive chips. The CNT sizing–modified BF-reinforced PA6 composites presented shallow and narrow 3D wear surface with low surface roughness parameters. The roughened and activated BFs may form a mechanically engaging interface with the polymer matrix molecular chain segments, which could bear more shear damage and relieve the fatigue wear and adhesive wear for the CNT sizing–modified BF-reinforced composites. The above simple and effective strategies and research laws for enhancing interfacial bonding could promote wider applications of BF-reinforced polymer composites in lightweight and high strength, friction and wear reduction, and high temperature resistance.

为了解决光滑惰性玄武岩纤维 (BFs) 与聚酰胺 6 (PA6) 基体之间界面结合不良的问题，采用简单、环保、连续的方法将羧化碳纳米管 (CNT) 改性到 BFs 表面通过水溶性聚氨酯分散体的可加工且无损伤的纤维骨架上浆方法。结果发现，高化学活性的羧化碳纳米管均匀分散在表面粗糙度和润湿性可调的 BF 表面。通过表面施胶 1.5 g/L CNTs 增强 BFs 和 PA6 基体之间的界面结合效应，BFs 增强复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量提高了约 17.5% 和 32.6%，弯曲强度和弯曲模量提高了分别增加约 36.0% 及 62.5%，具有更高的储能模量和更低的损耗因子。随着碳纳米管的尺寸改性，BF 增强 PA6 复合材料的减摩性能也得到增强，耐磨性提高达 40.5%。CNTs 的引入可以使 BFs 与 PA6 基体紧密结合，以承受摩擦剪切损伤并产生小尺寸磨屑。CNT 上浆改性 BF 增强 PA6 复合材料呈现浅而窄的 3D 磨损表面，表面粗糙度参数低。粗糙化和活化的 BFs 可以与聚合物基体分子链段形成机械接合界面，可以承受更大的剪切损伤，减轻 CNT 上浆改性 BF 增强复合材料的疲劳磨损和粘着磨损。