The negative impact of psychosocial burden in connection with the treatment of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) indicates the need for regular screening of diabetes distress in adolescents with T1D and their parents. Psychometric properties of the German versions of Problem Areas in Diabetes scale-Teen (PAID-T) and Parent (P-PAID-T) are examined in order to provide a clinical screening tool. Linguistically translated questionnaires were used in a multicenter study with 459 families. Confirmatory factor analysis, validity, and reliability were examined. Teens (42.8% female) had a mean age of 14.7 years. Most parent-caregivers were mothers (74.4%) and were born in Germany (83.1%). Results corroborate the three-factor model for the PAID-T with acceptable model fit, and convergent and discriminant validity was observed. The four-factor model for parents was also supported but had inadequate discriminant validity in this study. Teen and parent scores showed excellent Cronbach's α = 0.91 and 0.93, respectively. The PAID-T and P-PAID-T scores were positively correlated with HbA1c (rs = .343 and .252, respectively, p < .001) and negatively correlated with treatment satisfaction (Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire) and KIDSCREEN-10 index (teens: rs = -.545 and -.575; parents: rs = -.563 and -.489, respectively, all p < .001). The P-PAID-T correlated positively with depressive symptoms measured in Patient Health Questionnaire -9 (rs = .537, p < .001). The German versions of PAID-T and P-PAID-T produced scores that demonstrated good reliability and validity. Like the original English versions, the German versions are useful to detect diabetes-specific distress in families and to tailor interventions for affected teenagers and their parents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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德国青少年和家长版本糖尿病问题领域量表 (PAID) 的心理测量特性。

与 1 型糖尿病 (T1D) 治疗相关的心理社会负担的负面影响表明，需要定期筛查 T1D 青少年及其父母的糖尿病困扰。对德语版糖尿病问题领域量表 - 青少年 (PAID-T) 和家长 (P-PAID-T) 的心理测量特性进行了检查，以提供临床筛查工具。一项涉及 459 个家庭的多中心研究使用了语言翻译的问卷。检查了验证性因素分析、有效性和可靠性。青少年（42.8% 为女性）的平均年龄为 14.7 岁。大多数父母照顾者是母亲（74.4%），出生在德国（83.1%）。结果证实了 PAID-T 的三因素模型具有可接受的模型拟合，并且观察到了收敛效度和判别效度。父母的四因素模型也得到了支持，但在本研究中区分效度不足。青少年和家长的得分均表现出色，Cronbach's α 值分别为 0.91 和 0.93。PAID-T 和 P-PAID-T 评分与 HbA1c 呈正相关（rs 分别为 0.343 和 0.252，p < 0.001），与治疗满意度（糖尿病治疗满意度调查问卷）和 KIDSCREEN-10 指数（青少年：rs = -.545 和 -.575；父母：rs = -.563 和 -.489，分别，所有 p < .001）。P-PAID-T 与患者健康问卷 -9 中测量的抑郁症状呈正相关（rs = .537，p < .001）。德国版本的 PAID-T 和 P-PAID-T 产生的分数表现出良好的可靠性和有效性。和英文原版一样，德国版本有助于检测家庭中糖尿病特有的困扰，并为受影响的青少年及其父母制定干预措施。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。