两步制备具有轻质耐高温隔热性能的 SiO2 纳米纤维增强气凝胶复合材料,ACS Applied Nano Materials

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两步制备具有轻质耐高温隔热性能的 SiO2 纳米纤维增强气凝胶复合材料
ACS Applied Nano Materials ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-22 , DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c01940
Shicui Xing ₁ , Qiyan Ji ₁ , Xiuling Jiao ₁ , Dairong Chen ₁

Affiliation

纤维增强是改善传统气凝胶固有脆性的有效方法。然而，高密度和复杂的制备过程困扰着纤维增强气凝胶复合材料 (FAC)。例如，它们通常采用昂贵的超临界干燥、冷冻干燥和耗时的常压干燥制备，限制了材料应用和技术的进一步发展。在此，提出了通往 FAC 的直接途径。即，静电纺丝纳米纤维用作气凝胶的增强材料。纳米纤维复合硅胶前体是使用化学溶胀和溶胶-凝胶技术生产的。然后使用直接煅烧来制备具有不同纳米多孔结构的 FAC。因此，FAC 的热导率低至 0.029 W m ^–1常温下K ^–1，孔隙率高达99.55%，耐温性优异，即使在1400℃也能保持稳定的多孔结构。因此，FAC 具有更大的隔热应用潜力。本研究描述的路线将有助于为简单制备超低密度和耐高温的FACs开辟一条途径，从而促进纳米纤维增强气凝胶材料的应用和发展。

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A Two-Step Route to SiO2 Nanofiber-Reinforced Aerogel Composites with Lightweight and High Temperature Resistance for Thermal Insulation

Fiber reinforcement is an effective method to improve the inherent brittleness of conventional aerogels. However, high-density and complex preparation processes plague fiber-reinforced aerogel composites (FACs). For example, they are usually prepared using costly supercritical drying, freeze-drying, and time-consuming atmospheric drying, limiting the further development in applications and technologies of the material. Herein, a straightforward route to FACs is proposed. Namely, electrostatically spun nanofibers are used as reinforcement materials for aerogels. The nanofiber composite silica gel precursors are produced using chemical swelling and sol–gel techniques. Direct calcination is then used to prepare FACs with distinct nanoporous structures. As a result, FACs have a thermal conductivity as low as 0.029 W m^–1 K^–1 at room temperature, a high porosity of up to 99.55%, and excellent temperature resistance, maintaining a stable porous structure even at 1400 °C. Therefore, FACs have greater potential for thermal insulation applications. The route described in this study will contribute to the opening of a pathway for the simple preparation of FACs with ultralow density and high temperature resistance, thereby promoting the application and development of nanofiber-reinforced aerogel materials.

更新日期：2023-05-22

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