In recent years, the prevalence and accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in the soil environment have raised worldwide concerns for their resistance to degradation and long-term ecological impacts. However, compared with aquatic ecosystems, there is still a lack of critical reviews on the ecological effects and effective remediation methods of MPs in soil. In this review, the distribution characteristics, sources and transportation, identification techniques of MPs are summarized, followed by an elaboration of the interactions between MPs contamination and soil ecosystems. Moreover, we generalized the effects and degradation mechanisms of different organisms on the degradation of MPs. There are a variety of microorganisms in the environment that can degrade MPs, but the enzymes that really work are yet to be explored. It may be a breakthrough in the field of biodegradation to transform the stability and performance of enzymes based on computer protein design. This review will guide researchers to further explore feasible approaches and formulate advanced remediation strategies for MPs contamination in the future.

近年来，土壤环境中微塑料 (MPs) 的普遍存在和积累引起了全世界对其抗降解性和长期生态影响的关注。然而，与水生生态系统相比，MPs在土壤中的生态效应和有效修复方法仍缺乏批判性综述。本文综述了MPs的分布特征、来源和运输、鉴定技术，并阐述了MPs污染与土壤生态系统之间的相互作用。此外，我们概括了不同生物对 MPs 降解的影响和降解机制。环境中有多种微生物可以降解 MP，但真正起作用的酶还有待探索。基于计算机蛋白质设计改造酶的稳定性和性能可能是生物降解领域的突破。这篇综述将指导研究人员进一步探索可行的方法，并制定未来针对 MPs 污染的先进修复策略。