Rapid recombination of charge carriers and sluggish Cu²⁺/Cu⁺ conversion rate in Cu-based photocatalysts hinder the improvement of the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation efficiency. Herein, a novel S-scheme system was successfully built through hydrothermal and in-situ calcination methods to activate PMS for norfloxacin (NOR) degradation, which combined CuO with BiVO₄ (BVO) containing surface heterojunction. The UV–vis spectra manifested that BVO displayed excellent visible light absorption performance after compounding with CuO, and the light absorption threshold of CuO/BVO was about 600 nm. Thanks to the existence of surface heterojunction in BVO, the photoinduced electrons, and holes would transfer to {010} and {110} facets, respectively. The construction of S-scheme heterojunction further facilitated the accumulation of electrons on CuO, thus realizing the spatial separation of charge carriers. In addition, the electrons gathered on the CuO expedited the Cu²⁺/Cu⁺ cycle, thereby improving the activation efficiency of PMS. On this basis, the NOR removal capacity of 5CuO/BVO composites was obviously enhanced, which was 3.65 and 2.45 times that of CuO and BVO. Moreover, the influence of ambient pH and PMS dosage on the photocatalytic performance of CuO/BVO was investigated. Through the analysis of NOR degradation pathways and degradation products, it was found that the toxicity threat of NOR to the environment was reduced during the degradation process. According to the XPS results, forming the S-scheme heterojunction accelerated the Cu²⁺/Cu⁺ redox cycle during the PMS activating process. Meanwhile, photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) analysis demonstrated that the CuO/BVO composites exhibited eminent ability for charge separation. The possible mechanism of charge transfer was assumed by exploring reactive species and the energy band structure of catalysts. To sum up, this research provides a new perspective on boosting PMS activation to purify antibiotics in water.

Cu基光催化剂中载流子的快速复合和缓慢的Cu ²⁺ /Cu ^{+转化率阻碍了过一硫酸盐(PMS)活化效率的提高。}在此，通过水热和原位煅烧方法成功构建了一种新型S方案系统，以激活PMS降解诺氟沙星（NOR），该系统将CuO与BiVO _{4结合起来}(BVO)含有表面异质结。紫外可见光谱表明BVO与CuO复合后表现出优异的可见光吸收性能，CuO/BVO的光吸收阈值约为600 nm。由于BVO中表面异质结的存在，光生电子和空穴将分别转移到{010}和{110}面。S型异质结的构建进一步促进了电子在CuO上的积累，从而实现了载流子的空间分离。此外，聚集在CuO上的电子加速了Cu ²⁺ /Cu ⁺循环，从而提高PMS的激活效率。在此基础上，5CuO/BVO复合材料的NOR去除能力明显增强，分别是CuO和BVO的3.65和2.45倍。此外，还研究了环境pH值和PMS用量对CuO/BVO光催化性能的影响。通过对NOR降解途径和降解产物的分析发现，NOR在降解过程中对环境的毒性威胁降低。根据XPS结果，形成S型异质结加速了Cu ²⁺ /Cu ⁺PMS 激活过程中的氧化还原循环。同时，光致发光（PL）和时间分辨光致发光（TRPL）分析表明CuO/BVO复合材料表现出优异的电荷分离能力。通过探索活性物质和催化剂的能带结构，假设了电荷转移的可能机制。综上所述，这项研究为促进 PMS 激活以净化水中的抗生素提供了新的视角。