Abstract

The evaluation of antibiotic and chitinolytic activity in actinomycetes isolated from soddy-podzolic soil (Albic Retisol (Loamic)) was carried out in Moscow region (56°07′15″ N, 37°30′54″ E). Isolated strains were classified as Streptomyces avidinii INA 01467 and Micromonospora aurantiaca INA 01468 on the basis of cultural and morphological features and analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Evaluation of the antibiotic activity of isolated actinomycete cultures showed that the strains exhibit both antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria and antifungal activity against the collection strains of fungi Sac. cerevisiae INA 01042, C. albicans ATCC 14053, and F. oxysporum VKPM F-148. The ability to synthesize antifungal compounds increased when growing on a medium with chitin by the Streptomyces avidinii INA 01467 strain, including the phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum VKPM F-148 strain. Using the Real-Time PCR (Real-Time-PCR) method, the presence of functional genes shitA, responsible for the synthesis of group A chitinase enzymes, was found in the studied bacterial strains of Streptomyces and Micromonospora. The largest amount of the gene was found in the strain Streptomyces avidinii INA 01467, when growing on chitin, and reaches about 15 × 10³ copies per mL. The results demonstrated the presence of chitinase and antibiotic activity in the studied strains, including the activity against phytopathogenic fungi, and this allows using these strains in plant protection technologies and soil bioremediation.

中文翻译：

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链霉菌 avidinii Ina 01467 和 Micromonospora aurantiaca INA 01468 的几丁质分解和抗生素活性评价

摘要

在莫斯科地区（北纬 56°07′15″，东经 37°30′54″）对从草灰土（Albic Retisol (Loamic)）分离的放线菌的抗生素和几丁质分解活性进行了评估。根据培养和形态学特征以及 16S rRNA 基因分析，分离菌株被分类为Streptomyces avidinii INA 01467 和Micromonospora aurantiaca INA 01468。对分离的放线菌培养物的抗生素活性的评估表明，该菌株对革兰氏阳性菌具有抗菌活性，对真菌Sac 的收集菌株具有抗真菌活性。酿酒酵母INA 01042、白色念珠菌ATCC 14053 和尖孢镰刀菌VKPM F-148。当Streptomyces avidinii INA 01467 菌株（包括植物病原性尖孢镰刀菌VKPM F-148 菌株）在含有几丁质的培养基上生长时，合成抗真菌化合物的能力增加。使用实时 PCR（实时 PCR）方法，在链霉菌属和小单孢菌属的研究菌株中发现了负责 A 组几丁质酶合成的功能基因shitA的存在。在菌株Streptomyces avidinii INA 01467 中发现该基因的最大量，当生长在几丁质上时，达到约 15 × 10 ³ 每毫升份数。结果表明，所研究的菌株中存在几丁质酶和抗生素活性，包括抗植物病原真菌的活性，这允许将这些菌株用于植物保护技术和土壤生物修复。