Establishing an effective charge transfer mechanism in carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) to enhance its photocatalytic activity remains a limiting nuisance. Herein, the combination design of a single Cu atom with hollow g-C₃N₄ nanospheres (Cu-N₃ structure) has been proven to offer significant opportunities for this crucial challenge. Moreover, this structure endows two pathways for charge transfer in the reaction, namely, the N atoms in the three-dimensional planar structure are only bonded with a single Cu atom, and charge transfer occurs between the plane and the layered structure due to the bending of the interlayered g-C₃N₄ hollow nanospheres. Notably, Cu-N₃ and hollow nanosphere structures have been certified to greatly enhance the efficiency of photogenerated carrier separation and transfer between the layers and planes by ultrafast spectral analysis. As a result, this catalyst possesses unparalleled photocatalytic efficiency. Specifically, the hydrogen production rate up to 2040 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹, which is 51 times that of pure C₃N₄ under visible light conditions. The photocatalytic degradation performance of tetracycline and oxidation performance of benzene is also expressed, with a degradation rate of 100%, a conversion of 97.3% and a selectivity of 99.9%. This work focuses on the structure-activity relationship to provide the possibilities for the development of potential photocatalytic materials.

在氮化碳（gC ₃ N ₄ ）中建立有效的电荷转移机制以增强其光催化活性仍然是一个有限的麻烦。在此，单个Cu原子与空心gC ₃ N ₄纳米球（Cu-N ₃结构）的组合设计已被证明可以为这一关键挑战提供重要的机会。此外，该结构赋予反应中电荷转移的两种途径，即三维平面结构中的N原子仅与单个Cu原子键合，并且由于弯曲而在平面和层状结构之间发生电荷转移层间gC ₃ N ₄空心纳米球的结构。值得注意的是，通过超快光谱分析， Cu-N _{3和空心纳米球结构已被证明可以大大提高层和平面之间光生载流子分离和传输的效率。}因此，该催化剂具有无与伦比的光催化效率。具体而言，在可见光条件下，产氢速率高达2040 µmol h ^-1 g ^{-1 ，是纯C} ₃ N ₄的51倍。还表现出四环素的光催化降解性能和苯的氧化性能，降解率为100%，转化率为97.3%，选择性为99.9%。这项工作重点关注构效关系，为潜在光催化材料的开发提供可能性。