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Nickel-Based Anode Catalysts for Efficient and Affordable Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Accounts of Chemical Research ( IF 16.4 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00071
Fei-Yue Gao 1 , Min-Rui Gao 1
Affiliation  

Low-temperature ion-exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cells, as zero-emission power sources, can largely preserve the merits of gasoline engines, including rapid fueling, extended cruising range, and low maintenance cost. To enable the widespread prevalence of fuel-cell automobiles, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has set a long-term fuel-cell system cost target of US$30 kW–1. Over past decades, proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology has developed rapidly, resulting in the first commercial sales of fuel-cell-powered vehicles. Although there has been great success, the mass market penetration of PEMFCs is currently hindered by the excessive reliance on expensive platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts. Anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), because of the alkaline environment that permits the use of PGM-free catalysts, have become an alternative technology with inherent long-term cost advantages. Thus far, significant progress has been made in the exploration of PGM-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction at the AEMFC cathode, some of which have shown intrinsic catalytic properties comparable to PGM catalysts. However, the development of PGM-free catalysts for the anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) has lagged behind, presumably owing to its sluggish kinetics in alkali. In alkaline media, the HOR kinetics is about 2 orders of magnitude slower than that in acid, which demands higher PGM loadings to reach similar fuel-cell performance in PEMFCs. Since Raney nickel (Ni) was explored for alkaline HOR catalysis in 1960s, research on Ni-based HOR catalysts has begun and now is flourishing, primarily thanks to their favorable adsorption energies of key HOR intermediates (e.g., Ni–Had and Ni–OHad). At present, a number of strategies have been developed to improve HOR performances of Ni-based materials, such as alloying, Ni nitridation, and alloy amorphization, which yield cost-effective HOR catalysts that rival or even exceed the activity and stability of PGM counterparts.

中文翻译:

用于高效且经济实惠的阴离子交换膜燃料电池的镍基阳极催化剂

低温离子膜氢燃料电池作为零排放动力源,可以在很大程度上保留汽油机的优点,包括快速加油、延长续航里程和低维护成本。为了实现燃料电池汽车的广泛普及,美国能源部 (DOE) 设定了 30 千瓦美元的长期燃料电池系统成本目标–1。在过去的几十年中,质子交换膜燃料电池 (PEMFC) 技术发展迅速,导致燃料电池动力汽车的首次商业销售。尽管取得了巨大成功,但 PEMFC 的大众市场渗透目前因过度依赖昂贵的铂族金属 (PGM) 催化剂而受到阻碍。阴离子交换膜燃料电池 (AEMFC) 由于碱性环境允许使用不含 PGM 的催化剂,因此已成为一种具有固有长期成本优势的替代技术。迄今为止,在探索用于 AEMFC 阴极氧还原反应的无 PGM 催化剂方面取得了重大进展,其中一些已显示出与 PGM 催化剂相当的固有催化性能。然而,用于阳极氢氧化反应 (HOR) 的不含 PGM 的催化剂的开发已经滞后,这可能是由于其在碱中的缓慢动力学。在碱性介质中,HOR 动力学比在酸中慢约 2 个数量级,这需要更高的 PGM 负载才能在 PEMFC 中达到类似的燃料电池性能。自 1960 年代探索用于碱性 HOR 催化的雷尼镍 (Ni) 以来,基于 Ni 的 HOR 催化剂的研究已经开始并且现在正在蓬勃发展,这主要归功于它们对关键 HOR 中间体(例如 Ni-H广告和 Ni–OH广告)。目前,已经开发了许多策略来提高镍基材料的 HOR 性能,例如合金化、Ni 氮化和合金非晶化,这些策略产生了具有成本效益的 HOR 催化剂,其活性和稳定性可与 PGM 对应物相媲美甚至超过.
更新日期:2023-05-11
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