Carbon fiber (CF) is a flexible shielding material with excellent electrical conductivity, thermal stability and mechanical properties, which is crucial to solve electromagnetic pollution problems. However, its application in green electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is hampered due to high secondary reflection. Herein, we proposed a method to selectively grow CNT cluster arrays on the CF surface for tunable green EMI shielding and microwave absorbing. The density of CNT cluster arrays can be manipulated by controlling of CF surface functional groups in the preparation route of metal-organic framework derived Co-doped CNTs. The CF/CNTs cluster array composites exhibit excellent electromagnetic wave absorbing performance, with an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.4 GHz with a matching thickness of 1.38 mm, which can be extended to full frequency band from 2 to 18 GHz through metastructure design. The green EM shielding index is greater than 12 in the whole frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz, with the maximum value up to 351. The strategy developed here provides a valuable guide for the preparation of electromagnetic functional materials with multilevel hierarchical structure.

碳纤维（CF）是一种柔性屏蔽材料，具有优异的导电性、热稳定性和机械性能，对解决电磁污染问题至关重要。然而，由于高二次反射，其在绿色电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽中的应用受到阻碍。在此，我们提出了一种在 CF 表面选择性生长 CNT 簇阵列的方法，用于可调谐绿色 EMI 屏蔽和微波吸收。CNT 簇阵列的密度可以通过在金属有机框架衍生的 Co 掺杂 CNT 的制备路线中控制 CF 表面官能团来控制。CF/CNTs簇阵列复合材料表现出优异的电磁波吸收性能，有效吸收带宽为4.4 GHz，匹配厚度为1.38 mm，通过元结构设计可以扩展到 2 到 18 GHz 的全频段。绿色电磁屏蔽指数在2至18 GHz的整个频率范围内均大于12，最大值高达351。此处开发的策略为制备具有多级层次结构的电磁功能材料提供了有价值的指导。