Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is a widely available and sustainable energy resource that can be directly or indirectly converted to biofuels and value-added bioproducts. In such LCB conversion, enzymatic saccharification is commonly regarded as a green alternative to chemical hydrolysis due to less energy-intensive, less toxic, and more environment-benign for efficient fermentable sugar recovery. However, enzymatic saccharification faces substantial challenges, since the complex polymeric matrices of LCB necessitates a variety of enzymes for complete and adequate saccharification. Empirical evidence on enzymatic saccharification has paved the way for optimizing the processes and design for enhancing the performance in LCB. This review examines the enzymatic saccharification of LCB, focusing on the important parameters affecting the process, such as pH, temperature, agitation, enzyme/substrate loading, residence time, and the enzymes required to degrade various LCB components. Various strategies have been reported to improve the performance in saccharification and to address the non-productive adsorption of enzymes. A preliminary economic competency valuation of enzyme-derived fermentable sugars is proposed. Wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse and corn stalk appear, in this case, to be the most economic competent LCBs for commercial enzyme-derived fermentable sugar production. Lastly, practical challenges and future research directions on the enzymatic saccharification of LCB are discussed.

中文翻译：

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木质纤维素生物质酶促糖化成可发酵糖的影响因素综述

木质纤维素生物质 (LCB) 是一种广泛可用的可持续能源，可以直接或间接转化为生物燃料和增值生物产品。在这种 LCB 转化中，酶促糖化通常被认为是化学水解的绿色替代品，因为它能耗低、毒性低、对环境更友好，可以有效回收可发酵糖。然而，酶促糖化面临着巨大的挑战，因为 LCB 的复杂聚合物基质需要多种酶才能实现完全和充分的糖化。酶促糖化的经验证据为优化工艺和设计以提高 LCB 的性能铺平了道路。本综述考察了 LCB 的酶促糖化，重点关注影响该过程的重要参数，例如 pH 值、温度、搅拌、酶/底物负载、停留时间以及降解各种 LCB 组件所需的酶。已经报道了各种策略来提高糖化性能和解决酶的非生产性吸附。提出了酶衍生的可发酵糖的初步经济能力评估。在这种情况下，小麦秸秆、甘蔗渣和玉米秸秆似乎是用于商业酶衍生可发酵糖生产的最经济的 LCB。最后，讨论了 LCB 酶促糖化的实际挑战和未来研究方向。已经报道了各种策略来提高糖化性能和解决酶的非生产性吸附。提出了酶衍生的可发酵糖的初步经济能力评估。在这种情况下，小麦秸秆、甘蔗渣和玉米秸秆似乎是用于商业酶衍生可发酵糖生产的最经济的 LCB。最后，讨论了 LCB 酶促糖化的实际挑战和未来研究方向。已经报道了各种策略来提高糖化性能和解决酶的非生产性吸附。提出了酶衍生的可发酵糖的初步经济能力评估。在这种情况下，小麦秸秆、甘蔗渣和玉米秸秆似乎是用于商业酶衍生可发酵糖生产的最经济的 LCB。最后，讨论了 LCB 酶促糖化的实际挑战和未来研究方向。