Effective drug therapy for vitreoretinal disease is a major challenge in the field of ophthalmology; various protective systems, including anatomical and physiological barriers, complicate drug delivery to precise targets. However, as the eye is a closed cavity, it is an ideal target for local administration. Various types of drug delivery systems have been investigated that take advantage of this aspect of the eye, enhancing ocular permeability and optimizing local drug concentrations. Many drugs, mainly anti-VEGF drugs, have been evaluated in clinical trials and have provided clinical benefit to many patients. In the near future, innovative drug delivery systems will be developed to avoid frequent intravitreal administration of drugs and maintain effective drug concentrations for a long period of time. Here, we review the published literature on various drugs and administration routes and current clinical applications. Recent advances in drug delivery systems are discussed along with future prospects.

玻璃体视网膜疾病的有效药物治疗是眼科领域的一大挑战；各种保护系统，包括解剖学和生理学屏障，使药物输送到精确目标变得复杂。然而，由于眼睛是一个封闭的空腔，因此它是局部给药的理想目标。人们已经研究了各种类型的药物递送系统，这些系统利用眼睛的这一方面，增强眼部通透性并优化局部药物浓度。许多药物，主要是抗VEGF药物，已经在临床试验中进行了评估，并为许多患者提供了临床益处。在不久的将来，将开发出创新的药物输送系统，以避免频繁的玻璃体内给药并长时间维持有效的药物浓度。这里，我们回顾了有关各种药物和给药途径以及当前临床应用的已发表文献。讨论了药物输送系统的最新进展以及未来的前景。