<br>肠道微生物组-大脑联盟：心理和胃肠道健康与疾病的全景视角,ACS Chemical Neuroscience

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肠道微生物组-大脑联盟：心理和胃肠道健康与疾病的全景视角
ACS Chemical Neuroscience ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-08 , DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00127
Janet M Sasso ₁ , Ramy M Ammar ₂ , Rumiana Tenchov ₁ , Steven Lemmel ₁ , Olaf Kelber ₂ , Malte Grieswelle ₂ , Qiongqiong Angela Zhou ₁

Affiliation

肠道微生物群包括大量存在于胃肠道内的微生物。人们普遍认为，肠道和大脑处于持续的双向交流中，肠道微生物群及其代谢产物是其中的主要组成部分，并形成所谓的肠道微生物组-大脑轴。由功能组成和代谢活动失衡引起的微生物群稳态紊乱（称为生态失调）会导致这些途径失调并引发血脑屏障通透性变化，从而导致病理功能障碍，包括神经和功能性胃肠道疾病。反过来，大脑可以通过自主神经系统调节肠道蠕动、肠道转运和分泌以及肠道通透性来影响肠道微生物群的结构和功能。在这里，我们检查来自 CAS Content Collection（最大的已发表科学信息集合）的数据，并分析近期研究的出版情况。我们回顾了与人类肠道微生物组、其复杂性和功能、其与中枢神经系统的通信以及肠道微生物组-脑轴对心理和肠道健康的影响相关的知识进展。我们讨论肠道微生物群组成与各种疾病，特别是胃肠道和精神疾病之间的相关性。我们还探索肠道微生物代谢物对大脑和肠道功能及相关疾病的影响。最后，我们评估肠道微生物相关物质和代谢物及其开发管道的临床应用。我们希望这篇综述能够成为了解这一新兴领域的当前知识的有用资源，以进一步解决剩余的挑战并发挥其潜力。

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Gut Microbiome–Brain Alliance: A Landscape View into Mental and Gastrointestinal Health and Disorders

Gut microbiota includes a vast collection of microorganisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract. It is broadly recognized that the gut and brain are in constant bidirectional communication, of which gut microbiota and its metabolic production are a major component, and form the so-called gut microbiome–brain axis. Disturbances of microbiota homeostasis caused by imbalance in their functional composition and metabolic activities, known as dysbiosis, cause dysregulation of these pathways and trigger changes in the blood–brain barrier permeability, thereby causing pathological malfunctions, including neurological and functional gastrointestinal disorders. In turn, the brain can affect the structure and function of gut microbiota through the autonomic nervous system by regulating gut motility, intestinal transit and secretion, and gut permeability. Here, we examine data from the CAS Content Collection, the largest collection of published scientific information, and analyze the publication landscape of recent research. We review the advances in knowledge related to the human gut microbiome, its complexity and functionality, its communication with the central nervous system, and the effect of the gut microbiome–brain axis on mental and gut health. We discuss correlations between gut microbiota composition and various diseases, specifically gastrointestinal and mental disorders. We also explore gut microbiota metabolites with regard to their impact on the brain and gut function and associated diseases. Finally, we assess clinical applications of gut-microbiota-related substances and metabolites with their development pipelines. We hope this review can serve as a useful resource in understanding the current knowledge on this emerging field in an effort to further solving of the remaining challenges and fulfilling its potential.

更新日期：2023-05-08

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