With an increasing world population of nearly eight billion which is expected to expand towards nine billion by 2050, future food demands will rise unavoidably. Primary productivity of crop is at the center of the food and feed value chain. Excessive and low efficiency fertilization cause severe environmental and ecological problems, along with economic wastage. Next to fertilizers, also pesticides, plant growth regulators and other agrochemicals (e.g., stored animal manure and hormones) pose environmental issues and require specific technologies to ensure security of human health and the global ecosystem while increasing food productions. There is an agronomic, legal and environmental ‘demand’ to develop controlled release solutions to optimize agricultural practices. In this regard, (polymer) chemistry can offer a wide range of strategies to cope with the current issues related to biodegradation, overfertilization, pesticide use, efficient precision agriculture etc. through tailored material design allowing controlled active components release. Therefore, this review focusses on (polymer) chemical strategies to design controlled release systems in the agricultural industry, covering specifically the state-of-the-art from the past four years.

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农业控制释放的化学策略

随着世界人口增加近 80 亿，预计到 2050 年将增加到 90 亿，未来的粮食需求将不可避免地增加。作物的初级生产力是食品和饲料价值链的核心。过度和低效施肥导致严重的环境和生态问题，以及经济浪费。除了肥料，杀虫剂、植物生长调节剂和其他农用化学品（例如，储存的动物粪便和激素）也会造成环境问题，需要特定的技术来确保人类健康和全球生态系统的安全，同时增加粮食产量。存在开发控制释放解决方案以优化农业实践的农艺、法律和环境“需求”。在这方面，（聚合物）化学可以提供广泛的策略来应对当前与生物降解、过度施肥、农药使用、高效精准农业等相关的问题，通过量身定制的材料设计允许控制活性成分的释放。因此，本综述侧重于（聚合物）化学策略，以设计农业中的控释系统，特别涵盖过去四年的最新技术。