Hemicellulose can provide excellent oxygen resistance for packaging film, which is considered to be able to solve the environmental burdens and natural resource consumption problems of traditional petroleum-based packaging. The extraction of hemicellulose from numerous agricultural and forestry wastes, together with its application in packaging materials, has attracted worldwide attention. In this study, the life cycle assessment method was used to qualify the potential environmental impact of ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction of hemicellulose, including alkali-soluble hemicellulose (AHC) and water-soluble hemicellulose (WHC). The results show that the washing and drying process of AHC extraction and the rotary evaporating together with sedimentation process of WHC extraction are the main contribution of environmental burdens. There are significant differences in ODP, COD, POFP, and NH₃–N between AHC and WHC extraction, which are mainly caused by ethanol consumption during the washing and drying process of AHC extraction, while the sedimentation process of WHC extraction moderates the difference trend. From the results of normalization, the environmental implication of WHC is significantly lower than that of AHC. In the utopia scenario, the synergistic effect of ethanol recovery and clean energy substitution can reduce the environmental burdens by 77.4%, and reduce environmental costs by 89%. WHC can be preferred as the raw material of packaging film, but the premise is that the functions of the two kinds of hemicelluloses are consistent. The environmental footprint and cost of hemicellulose extraction process can be further reduced by recycling ethanol and using clean energy, especially in terms of GWP and AP indicators. In this study, quantitative evaluation of environmental profile and environmental cost can provide data support and a fresh perspective on the sustainable development of hemicellulose and biomass refining technology.

半纤维素可为包装薄膜提供优异的耐氧性，被认为能够解决传统石油基包装的环境负担和自然资源消耗问题。从众多农林废弃物中提取半纤维素及其在包装材料中的应用引起了全世界的关注。在这项研究中，使用生命周期评估方法来限定超声波辅助碱提取半纤维素（包括碱溶性半纤维素（AHC）和水溶性半纤维素（WHC））的潜在环境影响。结果表明，AHC提取的洗涤干燥过程和WHC提取的旋转蒸发沉淀过程是环境负担的主要贡献者。_3个–AHC 和 WHC 提取之间的-N，这主要是由 AHC 提取的洗涤和干燥过程中的乙醇消耗引起的，而 WHC 提取的沉降过程缓和了差异趋势。从归一化的结果来看，WHC 的环境影响明显低于 AHC。在乌托邦情景下，乙醇回收和清洁能源替代的协同效应可以减少77.4%的环境负担，减少89%的环境成本。WHC可优先作为包装膜的原料，但前提是两种半纤维素的功能一致。通过回收乙醇和使用清洁能源，可以进一步降低半纤维素提取过程的环境足迹和成本，特别是在 GWP 和 AP 指标方面。