Mineralized collagen (MC) is the basic unit of bone structure and function and is the main component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in bone tissue. In the biomimetic method, MC with different nanostructures of neo-bone have been constructed. Among these, extra-fibrous MC has been approved by regulatory agencies and applied in clinical practice to play an active role in bone defect repair. However, in the complex microenvironment of bone defects, such as in blood supply disorders and infections, MC is unable to effectively perform its pro-osteogenic activities and needs to be functionalized to include osteogenesis and the enhancement of angiogenesis, anti-infection, and immunomodulation. This article aimed to discuss the preparation and biological performance of MC with different nanostructures in detail, and summarize its functionalization strategy. Then we describe the recent advances in the osteo-inductive properties and multifunctional coordination of MC. Finally, the latest research progress of functionalized biomimetic MC, along with the development challenges and future trends, are discussed. This paper provides a theoretical basis and advanced design philosophy for bone tissue engineering in different bone microenvironments.

矿化胶原蛋白（MC）是骨骼结构和功能的基本单位，是骨组织中细胞外基质（ECM）的主要成分。在仿生方法中，已经构建了具有不同纳米结构的新骨的MC。其中，extra-fibrous MC已获得监管机构批准并应用于临床实践，在骨缺损修复中发挥积极作用。然而，在骨缺损的复杂微环境中，如血液供应障碍和感染，MC 无法有效地发挥其促成骨活性，需要功能化以包括成骨和增强血管生成、抗感染和免疫调节. 本文旨在详细探讨不同纳米结构MC的制备及生物学性能，并总结其功能化策略。然后我们描述了 MC 的骨诱导特性和多功能协调的最新进展。最后，讨论了功能化仿生MC的最新研究进展，以及发展挑战和未来趋势。该论文为不同骨微环境下的骨组织工程提供了理论基础和先进的设计理念。