The issue of employment classification has been central in the politics around the platform economy. Crucial has been the phenomenon of ‘bogus self-employment’, whereby workers in de facto dependent employment relationships conduct services as independent contractors. Legislators around the world have aimed to tackle this issue by obliging platforms to classify their workers as employees. Based on empirical research in the ride-hailing industry of Berlin, Paris and Lisbon, where such classification exists already, we highlight its contradictory outcomes. We argue that platform companies have managed to introduce forms of ‘bogus employment’ whereby even formally employed workers lack basic worker rights.

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走向“虚假就业”？柏林、里斯本和巴黎网约车监管的矛盾结果

就业分类问题一直是围绕平台经济的政治中心。至关重要的是“虚假自营职业”现象，事实上处于依赖雇佣关系中的工人以独立承包商的身份提供服务。世界各地的立法者旨在通过强制平台将其工人归类为雇员来解决这个问题。基于对柏林、巴黎和里斯本网约车行业的实证研究，在这些地方已经存在这种分类，我们强调其矛盾的结果。我们认为，平台公司已经设法引入了“虚假就业”形式，即使是正式就业的工人也缺乏基本的工人权利。